Abstract: The present invention provides a system for monitoring a sterilization procedure. The system includes a sterilization unit for providing sterilization of at least one item, a biological indicator for producing a readable signal, the signal readable during the sterilization procedure, wherein the signal corresponds to the viability of the biological indicator and a reader for reading the signal from the biological indicator during the sterilization procedure for monitoring the sterilization real time. Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for monitoring sterilization featuring simultaneously exposing at least one item to be sterilized and a biological indicator to a sterilization medium, the biological indicator producing a measurable signal corresponding to its viability and simultaneously monitoring the signal from the biological indicator during the exposure to the sterilization medium to determine completion of effective sterilization of the at least one item.

Abstract: Methods, systems and produced printed substrates are provided, which include substrates composed of one or more materials which are treated by an intermediate layer for normalizing surface energies and a digitally printed formulation adapted to the normalized surface energies. Surface energy normalization may be carried out by physical processes or by selective chemical processes. In an example, a self-assembled monolayer is applied to the surface of a printed circuit board to control ink jet dots by reducing copper surface energy and to improve ink adhesion. The self-assembled monolayer binds via an ? group selectively and covalently to the copper on the board and binds via a hydrophobic ? group to solder mask ink that is applied to the board. The ? group participates in the solidification process of the ink.

Abstract: Methods, systems and produced printed substrates are provided, which include substrates composed of one or more materials which are treated by an intermediate layer for normalizing surface energies and a digitally printed formulation adapted to the normalized surface energies. Surface energy normalization may be carried out by physical processes or by selective chemical processes. In an example, a self-assembled monolayer is applied to the surface of a printed circuit board to control ink jet dots by reducing copper surface energy and to improve ink adhesion. The self-assembled monolayer binds via an ? group selectively and covalently to the copper on the board and binds via a hydrophobic co group to solder mask ink that is applied to the board. The co group participates in the solidification process of the ink.

Abstract: A pretreatment liquid for applying to the upper surface of a recording media, prior to printing of printing applications using water-based ink, is provided. The liquid comprises a polyvalent metallic salt and at least one of a polymer swelling and a coalescence reagent.

Abstract: A pretreatment liquid for applying to the upper surface of a recording media, prior to printing of printing applications using water-based ink, is provided. The liquid comprises a polyvalent metallic salt and at least one of a polymer swelling and a coalescence reagent.

Abstract: Provided is a nail treatment device including an active delivery device for disposing on the nail and for promoting delivery of an active agent into the nail to treat a nail infection; and at least one means for preventing delivery of the active agent to the skin. Further provided is a method of treating a nail infection including applying onto an infected nail a nail treatment device including an active delivery device for promoting delivery of an active agent into the nail to treat a nail infection and at least one means for preventing delivery of the active agent to the skin.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising as the active agent a terbinafine compound, water, and at least one water-soluble or water-miscible nonionic surfactant, wherein the terbinafine compound has at least one form selected from the group consisting of free base form, acid addition salt form, ionic form, and combinations thereof; and wherein substantially no alcohol is present.

Abstract: The present invention is of a battery separator comprising a reaction product of a polymer and a polyvalent metal. The present invention further provides a method of forming a battery separator comprising applying a polymer such as an acrylic polymer such that it reacts with a polyvalent metal in a battery component layer to form a separator. In some embodiments applying is by a printing technique. Further, the present invention is of a battery including a separator of the present invention and a method of making same.

Abstract: A method of making a printing plate in which the uncoated surface of a substrate is treated with a pre-treatment solution prior to the deposition of ink on the surface. The pre-treatment liquid comprises a polyvalent metal salt, and at least one of an organic swelling reagent and/or a coalescence reagent. The pre-treatment liquid is applied to form a thin, homogenous layer of approximately 4 ?m to the entire upper surface of the recording plate. The swelling reagent and/or the coalescence reagent and the polyvalent metal cations are physically well localized in the porous structure of the plate's surface. After partial drying of the pretreated anodized aluminum plate, CTP liquid is deposited onto the surface to form an image. The CTP liquid solids react with the pre-treatment liquid and are, therefore, chemically bound to the surface. This allows all data to be deposited in a single pass of the inkjet head without the problem of clustering.

Abstract: A pretreatment liquid for applying to the upper surface of a recording media, prior to printing of printing applications using water-based ink, is provided. The liquid comprises a polyvalent metallic salt and at least one of a polymer swelling and a coalescence reagent.

Abstract: The surface treatment for printing applications using water-based ink of the present invention comprises a surface pretreatment of the recording media prior to the deposition of the ink on the surface, wherein the pretreatment liquid is an aqueous and/or alcoholic solution or emulsion containing a polyvalent metal salt, and at least one of an organic swelling reagent and a coalescence reagent. The pretreatment liquid is applied with a rubbing motion in a thin layer of approximately 4 &mgr;m to the entire upper surface of the recording media. The swelling reagent and/or the coalescence reagent cause the upper 3-5 &mgr;m to swell and the polyvalent metal cations become embedded in the surface. After partial drying of the pretreated media, ink composition is deposited onto the surface to form an image. The ink solids precipitate in response to the embedded cations deposited in the pretreatment, and form interactions above and below the surface of the media to give a mechanically stable ink dot.

Abstract: A simple and inexpensive method for the direct preparation of offset lithographic printing plates using computer-to-plate methods and an inkjet marking fluid jetted directly onto a printing surface by conventional inkjet systems. The marking fluid is a two-phase emulsion system, comprising an oleophilic inner phase and a continuous, aqueous, external phase. To effectively control the dot size in the image to he printed and advantageously produce long runs of good-quality impressions from printing on a conventional offset lithographic press, the viscosity of the marking fluid used is preselected, and a very thin cationic surfactant coating is applied to the printing surface. Alternatively, a marking fluid having a pre-selected viscosity is used together with a cationic surfactant coating solution applied directly to a printing surface in a plateless lithographic printing system.

Abstract: The surface treatment for printing applications using water-based ink of the present invention comprises a surface pretreatment of the recording media prior to the deposition of the ink on the surface, wherein the pretreatment liquid is an aqueous and/or alcoholic solution or emulsion containing a polyvalent metal salt, and at least one of an organic swelling reagent and a coalescence reagent. The pretreatment liquid is applied with a rubbing motion in a thin layer of approximately 4 &mgr;m to the entire upper surface of the recording media. The swelling reagent and/or the coalescence reagent cause the upper 3-5, &mgr;m to swell and the polyvalent metal cations become embedded in the surface. After partial drying of the pretreated media, ink composition is deposited onto the surface to form an image. The ink solids precipitate in response to the embedded cations deposited in the pretreatment, and form interactions above and below the surface of the media to give a mechanically stable ink dot.

Abstract: A clog-free jettable fluid composition and a method for producing the same are provided. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the jettable fluid comprises water as solvent, a resin-in-aqueous-emulsion having an acid number of at least 30, and an alkaline agent. The jettable fluid has a pH above 9.

Abstract: A method of making a printing plate in which the uncoated surface of a substrate is treated with a pre-treatment solution prior to the deposition of ink on the surface. The pre-treatment liquid comprises a polyvalent metal salt, and at least one of an organic swelling reagent and/or a coalescence reagent. The pre-treatment liquid is applied to form a thin, homogenous layer of approximately 4 &mgr;m to the entire upper surface of the recording plate. The swelling reagent and/or the coalescence reagent and the polyvalent metal cations are physically well localized in the porous structure of the plate's surface. After partial drying of the pretreated anodized aluminum plate, CTP liquid is deposited onto the surface to form an image. The CTP liquid solids react with the pre-treatment liquid and are, therefore, chemically bound to the surface. This allows all data to be deposited in a single pass of the inkjet head without the problem of clustering.