Abstract: A liquid fuel injector such as for a dual fuel system in an internal combustion engine includes two-way injection control valves for controlling twin outlet checks. A first set of orifices are arranged in an A-F-Z pattern, and a second set of orifices are arranged in an A-F-Z pattern, within the fuel injector, among a high-pressure inlet passage, a low-pressure space, and first and second outlet check control chambers, respectively. A common nozzle supply cavity is fluidly connected to the high-pressure inlet passage and supplies each of two sets of nozzle outlets opened and closed by the twin outlet checks.

Abstract: A fuel system includes a fuel injector having a fuel passage and a purging fluid passage formed therein. A nozzle tip inner surface defines a sac forming a blind end of the fuel passage in the fuel injector. A coaxial concentric check assembly includes a purging check movable to admit a purging fluid such as pressurized air into the fuel passage to purge the sac of fuel. Reduced injector dribble is observed from the purging of fuel.

Abstract: A fuel injector includes a nozzle including at least one outer orifice. The at least one outer orifice selectively injects a first fuel. An outer check is disposed movably within the nozzle. The outer check includes at least one first orifice and at least one second orifice. The at least one first orifice and the at least one second orifice are disposed circumferentially spaced apart with respect to one another. Each of the at least one first orifice and the at least one second orifice selectively injects a second fuel. An inner check is disposed movably and concentrically within the outer check. The at least one outer orifice is adapted to selectively injects at least one of the first fuel and the second fuel therethrough based on a position of each of the outer check and the inner check.

Abstract: A fuel injector includes a nozzle having at least one first orifice. The at least one first orifice selectively injects a first fuel. An outer check is located movably within the nozzle. The outer check includes at least one second orifice. The at least one second orifice selectively injects a second fuel. An inner check is located movably and concentrically within the outer check. The at least one first orifice is adapted to selectively inject at least one of the first fuel and the second fuel therethrough based on a position of each of the outer check and the inner check.

Abstract: A fuel injector includes a nozzle having at least one first orifice provided therein. The at least one first orifice is adapted to selectively inject one of a fuel and an oxidant. An outer check is disposed movably within the nozzle. The outer check includes at least one second orifice provided therein. The at least one second orifice is adapted to selectively inject an other of the oxidant and the fuel. An inner check is disposed movably and concentrically within the outer chock. The at least one second orifice is adapted to align with respect to the at least one first orifice to selectively inject the fuel and the oxidant together through the at least one first orifice based on a position of each of the outer check and the inner check.

Abstract: A fuel system includes a fuel injector having a fuel passage and a purging fluid passage formed therein. A nozzle tip inner surface defines a sac forming a blind end of the fuel passage in the fuel injector. A coaxial concentric check assembly includes a purging check movable to admit a purging fluid such as pressurized air into the fuel passage to purge the sac of fuel. Reduced injector dribble is observed from the purging of fuel.

Abstract: A sports training aid is provided that includes a base, a support structure and a top portion. The base structure may support the support structure and the top portion in an upright position when placed on a surface. The top portion includes a first side and a second side with extensions extending towards a user. A waist boundary is formed in between the extensions. Therefore, a user may position their waist within the extensions and practice a swing. The extensions of the sports training device may provide proper restriction and thereby train a user to have a proper hip rotation.

Abstract: A combustion system for an internal combustion engine includes a cylinder having a cylinder wall defining a bore, a piston disposed inside the bore, a combustion chamber delimited by a cylinder head, the cylinder wall, and the piston. The piston includes a piston bowl defining a floor portion, and at least one scooped recess extending radially outwardly from a periphery of the piston bowl. The internal combustion engine further includes a fuel injector configured to inject fuel into the combustion chamber as a plurality of fuel jets at a main injection timing such that each fuel jet contacts the floor portion of the piston bowl and follows a profile of the piston bowl and enter the at least one scooped recess. Furthermore, at least one of the plurality of is deflected by the at least one scooped recess away from the cylinder wall.

Abstract: A piston has a piston crown portion forming at least one arcuate indent in aligned fashion with a fuel jet discharged into a combustion chamber. Each arcuate event forms lobes, which separate the fuel jet into portions, or is tiered, to accommodate fuel jet portions being discharged into the combustion chamber at different times. Each lobe or tier includes an entry surface, a recirculation surface and a wall to separate it from adjacent lobes or tiers, respectively.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes an engine block having a cylinder bore and a cylinder head having a flame deck surface disposed at one end of the cylinder bore. A piston connected to a rotatable crankshaft and configured to reciprocate within the cylinder bore has a piston crown portion facing the flame deck surface such that a combustion chamber is defined within the cylinder bore and between the piston crown and the flame deck surface. A fuel injector having a nozzle tip disposed in fluid communication with the combustion chamber has at least one nozzle opening configured to inject a fuel jet into the combustion chamber along a fuel jet centerline. At least one arcuate indent is formed in the top surface in aligned fashion with the fuel jet and including an entry surface, a recirculation surface and a wall.

Abstract: A piston has a piston crown portion forming at least one arcuate indent in aligned fashion with a fuel jet discharged into a combustion chamber. Each arcuate event forms lobes, which separate the fuel jet into portions, or is tiered, to accommodate fuel jet portions being discharged into the combustion chamber at different times. Each lobe or tier includes an entry surface, a recirculation surface and a wall to separate it from adjacent lobes or tiers, respectively.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes an engine block having a cylinder bore and a cylinder head having a flame deck surface disposed at one end of the cylinder bore. A piston connected to a rotatable crankshaft and configured to reciprocate within the cylinder bore has a piston crown portion facing the flame deck surface such that a combustion chamber is defined within the cylinder bore and between the piston crown and the flame deck surface. A fuel injector having a nozzle tip disposed in fluid communication with the combustion chamber has at least one nozzle opening configured to inject a fuel jet into the combustion chamber along a fuel jet centerline. At least one arcuate indent is formed in the top surface in aligned fashion with the fuel jet and including an entry surface, a recirculation surface and a wall.

Abstract: A fuel injection system is provided. The fuel injection system can have a fuel injector having a check valve with a plurality of fuel output ports, and a fuel injector body with an outer surface and an inner surface. The fuel injector body defines an inner volume to accommodate bi-directional movement of the check valve. The fuel injector body includes at least a first row of injection ports and a second row of injection ports extending from the inner surface to the outer surface. The check valve is bi-directionally controllable in the inner volume, during a single cycle, to output from the fuel injector body any one of a plurality of predefined pulse injection patterns.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a combustion chamber having a piston, the piston having at least one arcuate indent of a first type formed in the top surface, and at least one arcuate indent of a second type, wherein the first type includes a first recirculation surface having a concave shape at a first radius and extending along a spiral direction adjacent the entry surface, and wherein the second type includes a second recirculation surface having a concave shape at a second radius that is smaller than the first radius. During operation, a fuel jet provided into the first type occupies a radially outward portion of the combustion chamber, and a fuel jet provided into the second type occupies a central portion of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A semiconductor device having a leadframe including a pad (101) surrounded by elongated leads (110) spaced from the pad by a gap (113) and extending to a frame, the pad and the leads having a first thickness (115) and a first and an opposite and parallel second surface; the leads having a first portion (112) of first thickness near the gap and a second portion (111) of first thickness near the frame, and a zone (114) of reduced second thickness (116) between the first and second portions; the second surface (112a) of the first lead portions is coplanar with the second surface (111a) of the second portions. A semiconductor chip (220) with a terminal is attached the pad. A metallic wire connection (230) from the terminal to an adjacent lead includes a stitch bond (232) attached to the first surface of the lead.

Abstract: A fuel injection system is provided. The fuel injection system can have a fuel injector having a check valve with a plurality of fuel output ports, and a fuel injector body with an outer surface and an inner surface. The fuel injector body defines an inner volume to accommodate bi-directional movement of the check valve. The fuel injector body includes at least a first row of injection ports and a second row of injection ports extending from the inner surface to the outer surface. The check valve is bi-directionally controllable in the inner volume, during a single cycle, to output from the fuel injector body any one of a plurality of predefined pulse injection patterns.

Abstract: A ducted combustion system is disclosed. The ducted combustion system includes a combustion chamber bound by a flame deck surface of a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine and by a piston top surface of a piston disposed within the internal combustion engine. The system includes a fuel injector including a plurality of orifices, the plurality of orifices injecting fuel into the combustion chamber as a plurality of fuel jets. The system includes a duct structure defining a plurality of ducts and disposed within the combustion chamber between the flame deck surface and the piston top surface, the plurality of ducts being disposed such that each of the plurality of fuel jets at least partially enters one of the plurality of ducts upon being injected into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A semiconductor device having a leadframe including a pad (101) surrounded by elongated leads (110) spaced from the pad by a gap (113) and extending to a frame, the pad and the leads having a first thickness (115) and a first and an opposite and parallel second surface; the leads having a first portion (112) of first thickness near the gap and a second portion (111) of first thickness near the frame, and a zone (114) of reduced second thickness (116) between the first and second portions; the second surface (112a) of the first lead portions is coplanar with the second surface (111a) of the second portions. A semiconductor chip (220) with a terminal is attached the pad. A metallic wire connection (230) from the terminal to an adjacent lead includes a stitch bond (232) attached to the first surface of the lead.

Abstract: A ducted combustion system is disclosed. The ducted combustion system includes a combustion chamber bound by a flame deck surface of a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine and by a piston top surface of a piston disposed within the internal combustion engine. The system includes a fuel injector including one or more orifices, the one or more orifices injecting fuel into the combustion chamber as one or more fuel jets. The system includes one or more ducts disposed within the combustion chamber between the flame deck surface and the piston top surface, the one or more ducts being generally tubular shaped structures and being disposed such that each of the one or more fuel jets at least partially enters one of the one or more ducts upon being injected into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A fuel injector for an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The fuel injector includes a tip in fluid connection with a combustion chamber of the engine and includes an orifice for injecting fuel as a fuel jet. The fuel injector includes a protruding member in fluid connection with the first orifice extending from the tip at a protruding angle. The orifice injects the fuel jet into the first protruding member. The fuel injector includes a plurality of extension members in fluid connection with the protruding member and includes at least, a first extension member and a second extension member. The first and second extension members may extend from the protruding member at extension angles. The fuel jet may be distributed into, at least, a first distributed jet and a second distributed jet when the first fuel jet flows from the protruding member to the first plurality of extension members.