Abstract: To program in a nonvolatile memory device including a cell region including first metal pads and a peripheral region including second metal pads and vertically connected to the cell region by the first metal pads and the second metal pads, a memory block is provided with a plurality of sub blocks disposed in a vertical direction where the memory block includes a plurality of cell strings each including a plurality of memory cells connected in series and disposed in the vertical direction. A plurality of intermediate switching transistors are disposed in a boundary portion between two adjacent sub blocks in the vertical direction. Each of the plurality of intermediate switching transistors is selectively activated based on a program address during a program operation. The selectively activating each of the plurality of intermediate switching transistors includes selectively turning on one or more intermediate switching transistors in a selected cell string based on the program address.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided that includes a first display and a second display. The electronic device also includes a processor configured to allocate a first set of resources to the first display and a second set of resources to the second display. The first set of resources is different from the second set of resources. Each of the first set of resources and the second set of resources includes one or more of at least one available hardware resource and at least one available software resource.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for imaging nano magnetic particles using a 3D array of small magnets. A field-free region generation apparatus includes a hexahedral housing having an opening formed in the first surface thereof such that a measurement head is inserted into a spacing area, a pair of rectangular-shaped magnets installed respectively on two surfaces facing each other, among four surfaces perpendicular to the first surface of the housing, and a pair of magnet arrays installed respectively on the first surface of the housing and on another surface facing the first surface, each of the magnet arrays including multiple small magnets arranged along the edge of the opening.

Abstract: Provided is a method of converting a hydrocarbon using a catalyst/catalyst support including a PST-32 or PST-2 zeolite, which has an effect of increasing the selectivity/yield of a light olefin product and reducing a side reaction to sustain catalytic activity, in various hydrocarbon conversion reactions, in particular, catalytic cracking of diesel.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for imaging nano magnetic particles. The apparatus may include a measurement head in which a through hole for accommodating a sample including nano magnetic particles is formed and in which an excitation coil and a detection coil are installed, a field-free region generation unit for forming a field-free region, in which there are few or no magnetic fields, in a spacing area between the identical magnetic poles that face each other, and a control unit for applying a signal to the excitation coil when the measurement head is located inside the spacing area of the field-free region generation unit, controlling the field-free region so as to move in the sample, and imaging the 3D positional distribution of the nano magnetic particles included in the sample based on a detection signal output from the detection coil.

Abstract: In an electronic nose apparatus and method based on spectrum analysis, 1) a gaseous sample is dissolved into a solvent in an impinger, and the sample dissolved into the solvent is introduced into an RF resonator, and 2) RF having various absorption spectra according to materials are generated in the RF resonator, and the type of gas is determined through spectrum analysis so that an electronic nose is implemented. In this way, it is possible to overcome the resolution of gas chromatography (GC) and a sensor array and a limited number of multi-channel sensors (the number of channels).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a nano-magnetic-particle-imaging apparatus, including a measurement head including excitation and detection coils and accommodating a sample bed for a sample including nano magnetic particles; a gradient magnetic field generation unit for generating a magnetic field having a strength equal to or greater than that of the saturation magnetic field of the nano magnetic particles in a spacing area between identical magnetic poles facing each other and forming a field-free region in a portion thereof; a first driving unit for linearly moving the sample bed; a second driving unit for rotating the gradient magnetic field generation unit in a plane; a third driving unit for linearly reciprocating the gradient magnetic field generation unit; and a control unit for applying a signal to the excitation coil, controlling the driving units, and imaging 3D distribution of the nano magnetic particles based on a detection signal output from the detection coil.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a continuous scanning method using signal shielding and an apparatus for the continuous scanning method. The continuous scanning method includes producing a magnetic field on consecutively input samples by applying a signal to an excitation solenoid coil, blocking signal detection in a partial region so that only one harmonic peak is detected by a detection solenoid coil, which is a differential coil, using a magnetic field produced by at least one magnet, and sequentially detecting one harmonic peak in the samples based on the detection solenoid coil, and performing scanning of nanomagnetic particles on respective samples based on a signal for the detected harmonic peak.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for imaging nano magnetic particles using a 3D array of small magnets. A field-free region generation apparatus includes a hexahedral housing having an opening formed in the first surface thereof such that a measurement head is inserted into a spacing area, a pair of rectangular-shaped magnets installed respectively on two surfaces facing each other, among four surfaces perpendicular to the first surface of the housing, and a pair of magnet arrays installed respectively on the first surface of the housing and on another surface facing the first surface, each of the magnet arrays including multiple small magnets arranged along the edge of the opening.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a magnetic-field-generating coil system, an imaging system having the magnetic-field-generating coil system, and a method for operating the imaging system. The method for operating an imaging system includes generating multiple Linear Gradient Fields (LGFs) in respective axial directions by controlling coil currents, and acquiring MRI information or Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) information about an object while moving the multiple LGFs by varying the coil currents.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a nano-magnetic-particle-imaging apparatus, including a measurement head including excitation and detection coils and accommodating a sample bed for a sample including nano magnetic particles; a gradient magnetic field generation unit for generating a magnetic field having a strength equal to or greater than that of the saturation magnetic field of the nano magnetic particles in a spacing area between identical magnetic poles facing each other and forming a field-free region in a portion thereof; a first driving unit for linearly moving the sample bed; a second driving unit for rotating the gradient magnetic field generation unit in a plane; a third driving unit for linearly reciprocating the gradient magnetic field generation unit; and a control unit for applying a signal to the excitation coil, controlling the driving units, and imaging 3D distribution of the nano magnetic particles based on a detection signal output from the detection coil.

Abstract: A new family of highly charged crystalline microporous metallophosphate molecular sieves has been synthesized. These metallophosphates are represented by the empirical formula of: Rp+rA+mM2+xEyPOz where A is an alkali metal cation, R is at least one quaternary organoammonium cation, M is a divalent metal such as zinc and E is a trivalent framework element such as aluminum or gallium. This family of high charge density metallophosphate materials are among the first metalloalumino(gallo)phosphate-type molecular sieves to be stabilized by combinations of alkali and quaternary organoammonium cations, enabling unique compositions. This family of high charge density metallophosphate molecular sieves has catalytic properties for carrying out various hydrocarbon conversion processes and separation properties for separating at least one component.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and apparatus for measuring flow using an electromagnetic resonance phenomenon. The flowmeter includes an RF resonator in the form of a cylinder into which a transmission antenna for forming a magnetic field in a preset frequency range and a reception antenna for measuring a response signal are inserted, the RF resonator being shielded from an external magnetic field; and a processor for measuring the flow in a pipe that passes through the RF resonator based on the response signal. The RF resonator includes circular holes in the two bases of the cylinder so as to enable the pipe to pass through the RF resonator, and is formed with a first body and a second body, which are split in the height direction of the cylinder and are coupled using a coupling member so as to wrap the outer circumferential surface of the pipe.

Abstract: A catalyst includes LTA zeolite including copper ions, wherein a Si/Al ratio of the LTA zeolite is 2 to 50. The catalyst is coated on a honeycomb carrier or a filter. The catalyst removes NOx from a reaction gas at 100° C. or above. The catalyst has an NOx conversion rate of 80% at 450° C. or above.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method for modifying a magnetic field using magnetic nanoparticles and an apparatus therefor. The method for modifying a magnetic field includes applying current to a single solenoid coil or to two parallel solenoid coils, measuring a strength of a magnetic field generated by the current at a preset target location using a measurement sensor, and controlling the strength of the magnetic field based on a concentration of a magnetic nanoparticle sample mounted in the single solenoid coil or the two solenoid coils so that the strength of the magnetic field matches a preset target value.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for imaging nano magnetic particles. The apparatus may include a measurement head in which a through hole for accommodating a sample including nano magnetic particles is formed and in which an excitation coil and a detection coil are installed, a field-free region generation unit for forming a field-free region, in which there are few or no magnetic fields, in a spacing area between the identical magnetic poles that face each other, and a control unit for applying a signal to the excitation coil when the measurement head is located inside the spacing area of the field-free region generation unit, controlling the field-free region so as to move in the sample, and imaging the 3D positional distribution of the nano magnetic particles included in the sample based on a detection signal output from the detection coil.

Abstract: In an electronic nose apparatus and method based on spectrum analysis, 1) a gaseous sample is dissolved into a solvent in an impinger, and the sample dissolved into the solvent is introduced into an RF resonator, and 2) RF having various absorption spectra according to materials are generated in the RF resonator, and the type of gas is determined through spectrum analysis so that an electronic nose is implemented. In this way, it is possible to overcome the resolution of gas chromatography (GC) and a sensor array and a limited number of multi-channel sensors (the number of channels).

Abstract: A catalyst includes LTA zeolite including copper ions, wherein a Si/Al ratio of the LTA zeolite is 2 to 50. The catalyst is coated on a honeycomb carrier or a filter. The catalyst removes NOx from a reaction gas at 100° C. or above. The catalyst has an NOx conversion rate of 80% at 450° C. or above.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and apparatus for scanning a multilayer material using magnetism. The apparatus for scanning a multilayer material includes at least one measurement head for exciting a mixed magnetic field on a multilayer specimen using at least one excitation solenoid coil and detecting detection signals from the multilayer specimen using a detection solenoid coil, a movement controller for moving any one of the at least one measurement head and a stage on which the multilayer specimen is placed in order to detect detection signals for all parts of the multilayer specimen, and a signal controller for generating two excitation signals having different frequencies in order to generate the mixed magnetic field and for generating a scanning result for the multilayer specimen by collecting the detection signals.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a continuous scanning method using signal shielding and an apparatus for the continuous scanning method. The continuous scanning method includes producing a magnetic field on consecutively input samples by applying a signal to an excitation solenoid coil, blocking signal detection in a partial region so that only one harmonic peak is detected by a detection solenoid coil, which is a differential coil, using a magnetic field produced by at least one magnet, and sequentially detecting one harmonic peak in the samples based on the detection solenoid coil, and performing scanning of nanomagnetic particles on respective samples based on a signal for the detected harmonic peak.