Abstract: A method, an electronic device with a memory configured to store a hierarchical codebook with a processor operably connected to the memory to perform the method, and a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that when executed by a processor of an electronic device cause the electronic device to perform the method. The method identifies input data including at least one of an array size, an antenna element spacing, a phase-shifter resolution, a specified coverage region, or an antenna element pattern. The input data is processed by putting an initial beam through a non-decreasing concave utility function which uses a cyclic coordinate descent algorithm that generates a wide beam meeting one or more design specifications. A codebook is produced that includes the wide beam.

Abstract: A method and electronic device for updating a leakage response for leakage cancelation. The electronic device includes a radar transceiver, a memory, and a processor. The processor is configured to determine whether an object is within proximity of and within a field of view of the radar transceiver, obtain a leakage measurement for the radar transceiver in response to determining that no object is proximate to and within the field of view of the radar transceiver, and update the leakage response for leakage cancelation based on the leakage measurement.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for non-simultaneous transmit/receive (NSTR) start time synchronization are disclosed. A method for wireless communication performed by a non-access point (AP) multi-link device (MLD) that comprises stations (STAs), the method comprising: forming links with corresponding APs of an AP MLD; detecting a non-simultaneous transmit and receive (NSTR) link pairs; detecting an attempt by a first STA of the NSTR link pairs to synchronize start times of physical layer protocol data units (PPDUs) with a second STA of the NSTR link pairs, wherein the first STA is configured to hold a backoff counter at a value of zero during a backoff hold time duration; determining the backoff hold time duration; and determining a number of time intervals that can fit into the backoff hold time duration.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for facilitating enhanced multi-link multi-radio (EMLMR) operation of multi-link devices (MLDs). A non-access point (AP) MLD comprises EMLMR STA, each comprising a transceiver configured to form a link with a corresponding AP of an AP MLD, and a processor. Each link is configured to support a respective basic modulation and coding scheme (MCS) and number of spatial streams (NSS), and the links are EMLMR links configured to operate in an EMLMR mode of operation in which the EMLMR links support an enhanced MCS and NSS. A first of the EMLMR STAs, in the EMLMR mode of operation, is configured to conduct a first EMLMR frame exchange with a first of the APs over a first of the links. The processor is operably coupled to the EMLMR STAs, and configured to control a behavior of other EMLMR STAs on other EMLMR links during the first EMLMR frame exchange.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for facilitating TWT operation between devices in a wireless local area network. A non-access point (AP) multi-link device (MLD) comprises a processor and stations (STAs), each comprising a transceiver configured to form links with APs affiliated with an AP MLD. A first of the transceivers is further configured to transmit to or receive from the AP MLD over a first of the links a multi-link operation (MLO)-supporting target wake time (TWT) Information frame that includes an indication to suspend or resume TWT service periods (SPs) on a second of the links. The processor is operably coupled to the transceivers and configured to, based on the TWT Information frame being transmitted or received successfully over the first link, suspend or resume the TWT SPs on the second link.

Abstract: A method includes scanning for registered fine-time measurement (FTM)-enabled Wi-Fi nodes to generate a list of the FTM-enabled Wi-Fi nodes. The method also includes performing a ranging operation by (i) selecting nodes to range with from the list of the FTM-enabled Wi-Fi nodes and (ii) processing ranging responses from the selected nodes to generate distance measurements. The method further includes estimating a position of a device based on the distance measurements generated from the ranging operation.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system. The UE comprises at least one processor configured to determine a first subcarrier spacing and a transceiver configured to transmit, to a base station (BS), random access signals generated with the first subcarrier spacing and receive a downlink control signaling comprising a physical (PHY) resource configuration that includes a second subcarrier spacing. The UE further comprises at least one processor configured to set the PHY resource configuration for at least one of uplink transmission or downlink reception.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for supporting QoS support for P2P communication. A method for wireless communication performed by a non-access point (AP) device that includes a first station (STA) comprises: forming a link with a first AP; forming a first peer-to-peer (P2P) link with a second non-AP STA; transmitting a request associated with a transmit opportunity (TXOP) to the AP; receiving information associated with the TXOP from the AP; and determining whether the received information associated with the TXOP can be used only for uplink communication or for both uplink communication and P2P communication.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for supporting traffic urgency indication. A method for wireless communication performed by a non-access point (AP) device that comprises a first station (STA), comprises forming a link with a first AP; transmitting information associated with a traffic transmission to the first AP, the information including a scheduling parameter configured to aid the first AP in making a scheduling decision; receiving data associated with the scheduling parameter from the first AP; and based on the received data, determining to transmit the traffic transmission to the first AP.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatuses for facilitating restricted target wake time (TWT) operation in a wireless local area network. The apparatuses include a non-access point (AP) multi-link device (MLD) comprising a plurality of stations (STAs) and a processor. Each STA comprises a transceiver configured for broadcast TWT operation on multi-link operation (MLO) links with corresponding APs of an AP MLD. The processor is operably coupled to the transceivers, and configured to negotiate a broadcast TWT schedule over a first link between a first STA and a first AP of the AP MLD, apply the broadcast TWT schedule to the group of links, negotiate a restricted TWT schedule with the AP MLD over at least one link of the group of links, and establish the restricted TWT schedule on one or more links of the at least one link.

Abstract: Methods and electronic devices for target detection and tracking operations are provided. A method of operating an electronic device includes identifying, based on signals received through a radar transceiver of the electronic device, a peak of the received signals in a current time slot, determining whether the peak in the current time slot corresponds to a tracked target based on comparing a location of the peak in the current time slot with a location of a peak corresponding to the tracked target in a previous time slot as a function of a movement speed threshold, and in response to a determination that the peak in the current time slot corresponds to the tracked target, updating tracking information for the tracked target associated with the peak in the current time slot.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for facilitating the use of enhanced multi-link multi-radio (EMLMR) operation for peer-to-peer (P2P) communications between multi-link devices (MLDs). A non-access point (AP) MLD comprises STAs, each comprising a transceiver configured to form a P2P link with a corresponding second STA of a second non-AP MLD, and a processor operably coupled to the first STAs. At least a subset of the P2P links are also EMLMR links configured to operate in an EMLMR mode of operation for P2P communication. The processor is configured to transition the first non-AP MLD into the EMLMR mode of operation for P2P communication over the P2P links. At least one of the first STAs is configured to participate in a P2P EMLMR frame exchange with the corresponding second STA of the second non-AP MLD over at least one of the P2P links.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for uplink (UL) coverage enhancements with joint phase-time arrays (JTPAs). A method for operating a base station (BS) includes identifying criteria associated with a set of user equipments (UEs) in a cell of the BS and determining, based on the criteria, a first subset of the set of UEs to use a JPTA beamforming. The method further includes using the JPTA beamforming for signaling with the first subset of UEs and using an analog beamforming for signaling with a second subset of UEs in the set of UEs.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for mobility robustness with joint phase-time arrays (JTPAs). A method for operating a base station (BS), includes determining, based on a wide-beam (WB) alignment procedure, a subset of beams for transmission of physical downlink shared control channels (PDSCHs). The method further includes transmitting a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) indicating the subset of beams and transmitting the PDSCHs on the subset of beams, respectively, using a JPTA beamforming. The same data is included in each of the PDSCHs.

Abstract: A non-access point (AP) MLD comprises STAs, each comprising a transceiver that forms a link with a corresponding AP of an AP MLD, and a processor. A restricted TWT (R-TWT) schedule is established on a first link, and a first STA on that link is a member of an R-TWT service period (SP) on that link. A second STA on a second link is not a member of any R-TWT SP on that link that overlaps with the R-TWT SP on the first link. The processor transitions the non-AP MLD into EMLSR operation wherein the first and second links form an EMLSR link pair, determines that a transmission opportunity (TXOP) has begun on the second link, and coordinates between the STAs such that a frame exchange sequence with the AP MLD on the second link during the TXOP does not overlap with the R-TWT SP on the first link.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for facilitating avoidance of NSTR constraint violation caused by TDLS channel switching and link enablement in multi-link operation (MLO) in a wireless local area network. The methods include determining to switch a frequency channel used by a first tunneled direct link setup (TDLS) direct link from a first frequency channel to a second frequency channel, wherein the TDLS direct link is formed between a station (STA) of a non-access point (AP) multi-link device (MLD) and a corresponding peer STA, generating a TDLS channel switch notification message that includes an indication that the first TDLS direct link is switching from the first to the second frequency channel, and transmitting, to an AP MLD with which the non-AP MLD is associated, on an MLO link, the TDLS channel switch notification message, wherein MLO links are formed between STAs of the non-AP MLD and APs of the AP MLD.

Abstract: A method for end-to-end dynamic gesture recognition using mmWave radar is provided. The method includes triggering an electronic device to activate a gesture recognition mode in response to detecting that a condition for activating the gesture recognition mode is satisfied. The method includes obtaining radar data while the gesture recognition mode is activated, wherein the radar data includes time-velocity data (TVD). The method includes detecting a start and an end of a gesture based on the TVD of the obtained radar data. To classify the gesture, the method includes determining a gesture, from among a set of gesture, that corresponds to a portion of the TVD between the start and the end of the gesture. The method includes outputting an event indicator indicating that a user of the electronic device performed the gesture classified.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for supporting target wake time operation for enhanced multi-link multi-radio operation. A method for wireless communication performed by a non-access point (AP) multi-link device (MLD) that comprises stations (STAs), the method comprising: forming a first enhanced multi-link multi-radio (EMLMR) link for an EMLMR mode of operation with a first AP of an AP MLD; forming a second EMLMR link for the EMLMR mode of operation with a second AP of the AP MLD; establishing a first restricted target wake time (r-TWT) schedule that has an r-TWT service period (SP) is established on the first EMLMR link; determining that the non-AP MLD is operating in the EMLMR mode of operation with the AP MLD; and determining, based on the r-TWT SP, scheduling for traffic on the first EMLMR link and the second EMLMR link.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatuses for facilitating restricted target wake time (TWT) operation in a wireless local area network. The apparatuses include a non-access point (AP) multi-link device (MLD) comprising a plurality of stations (STAs) and a processor. Each STA comprises a transceiver configured for broadcast TWT operation on multi-link operation (MLO) links with corresponding APs of an AP MLD. The processor is operably coupled to the transceivers, and configured to negotiate a broadcast TWT schedule over a first link between a first STA and a first AP of the AP MLD, apply the broadcast TWT schedule to the group of links, negotiate a restricted TWT schedule with the AP MLD over at least one link of the group of links, and establish the restricted TWT schedule on one or more links of the at least one link.

Abstract: A method for managing a maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limit that corresponds to a time window is provided. The method includes estimating, based on radar detection information and transmission history information, a previous radio frequency exposure (RFE) for a target that occurred during a previous time period of the time window. The method includes predicting a future RFE on the target to occur during a future time period of the time window such that a sum of the estimated previous RFE and the predicted future RFE does not exceed the MPE limit for the time window. The method includes determining, based on the predicted future RFE, a transmission power budget for a transceiver of an electronic device for transmission during the future time period.