Abstract: Disclosed are a laminated film including a light transmitting substrate; a hard coating layer; and an optical enhancement layer disposed between the light transmitting substrate and the hard coating layer or at a position facing the hard coating layer with the light transmitting substrate therebetween, wherein the light transmitting substrate includes a polyimide, a poly(amide-imide) copolymer, or a combination thereof, and the optical enhancement layer includes a copolymer comprising a polyimide, and a display device including the laminated film.

Abstract: Disclosed is a window film for a display device including a light transmitting substrate including a polyamide including a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1 and a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 2, and a hard coating layer laminated on one surface of the light transmitting substrate: in Chemical Formula 1 and Chemical Formula 2, each of A1, A2, B, and D is the same as defined in the detailed description.

Abstract: A poly(amide-imide) copolymer that is a reaction product of a substituted or unsubstituted linear aliphatic diamine including two terminals, a diamine represented by Chemical Formula 1, a dicarbonyl compound represented by Chemical Formula 2, and a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride represented by Chemical Formula 3: NH2-A-NH2?? Chemical Formula 1 wherein, in Chemical Formulae 1 to 3, A, R3, R10, R12, R13, X, n7 and n8 are the same as defined in the specification.

Abstract: A laminated film which includes a first layer including a poly(amide-imide) copolymer, and a second layer laminated on at least one surface of the first layer. The second layer includes a poly(amide-imide) copolymer, polyimide, or a combination thereof, which has an amide content of less than or equal to about 30 mol %. The poly(amide-imide) copolymer included in the first layer has a weight average molecular weight of about 30,000 grams/mole to about 200,000 grams/mole, and the polyimide, the poly(amide-imide) copolymer, or the combination thereof, of the second layer has a weight average molecular weight of about 10,000 grams/mole to about 50,000 grams/mole, and the composition for preparing the laminated film.

Abstract: Disclosed are a laminated film including a light transmitting substrate; a hard coating layer; and an optical enhancement layer disposed between the light transmitting substrate and the hard coating layer or at a position facing the hard coating layer with the light transmitting substrate therebetween, wherein the light transmitting substrate includes a polyimide, a poly(amide-imide) copolymer, or a combination thereof, and the optical enhancement layer includes a copolymer comprising a polyimide, and a display device including the laminated film.

Abstract: Disclosed are a laminated film including a light transmitting substrate; a hard coating layer; and an optical enhancement layer disposed between the light transmitting substrate and the hard coating layer or at a position facing the hard coating layer with the light transmitting substrate therebetween, wherein the light transmitting substrate includes a polyimide, a poly(amide-imide) copolymer, or a combination thereof, and the optical enhancement layer includes a copolymer comprising a polyimide, and a display device including the laminated film.

Abstract: Provided is a sound source tracking apparatuses including a vibration unit including vibrators configured to vibrate in response to an ambient sound, the ambient sound including individual sounds, and a processor configured to separate the ambient sound into individual sounds, to determine a target individual sound having a target tone color among the individual sounds, and to obtain a relative location of a target sound source that generates the target individual sound.

Abstract: A poly(amide-imide) copolymer that is a reaction product of a substituted or unsubstituted linear aliphatic diamine including two terminals, a diamine represented by Chemical Formula 1, a dicarbonyl compound represented by Chemical Formula 2, and a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride represented by Chemical Formula 3: wherein, in Chemical Formulae 1 to 3, A, R3, R10, R12, R13, X, n7 and n8 are the same as defined in the specification.

Abstract: A film comprising a polyimide or poly(imide-amide) copolymer, wherein the film has an amplitude of a surface roughness curve of less than or equal to 270 nanometers.

Abstract: A poly(amide-imide) copolymer that is a reaction product of a substituted or unsubstituted linear aliphatic diamine including two terminals, a diamine represented by Chemical Formula 1, a dicarbonyl compound represented by Chemical Formula 2, and a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride represented by Chemical Formula 3: wherein, in Chemical Formulae 1 to 3, A, R3, R10, R12, R13, X, n7 and n8 are the same as defined in the specification.

Abstract: A composition for preparing a nonlinear optic material including an organic chromophore that is polarized by an electric field, a precursor that can form an inorganic material polymer by a sol-gel reaction, and a compatibilizer that can bind to both the organic chromophore and the inorganic material polymer, wherein the organic chromophore includes a functional group at a terminal end that can bind to both the inorganic material polymer and the compatibilizer, a nonlinear optic material prepared from the composition, a method of preparing the nonlinear optic material, and an electro-optic device including the nonlinear optic material are disclosed.

Abstract: A poly(amide-imide) copolymer that is a reaction product of a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic diamine having a maximum absorption wavelength in a range from 500 nanometers (nm) to 650 nm in a visible light region, a diamine represented by Chemical Formula 1, a dicarbonyl compound represented by Chemical Formula 2, and a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride represented by Chemical Formula 3: wherein, in Chemical Formulae 1 to 3, A, R3, R10, R12, R13, X, n7 and n8 are the same as defined in the specification.

Abstract: A laminated film which includes a first layer including a poly(amide-imide) copolymer, and a second layer laminated on at least one surface of the first layer. The second layer includes a poly(amide-imide) copolymer, polyimide, or a combination thereof, which has an amide content of less than or equal to about 30 mol %. The poly(amide-imide) copolymer included in the first layer has a weight average molecular weight of about 30,000 grams/mole to about 200,000 grams/mole, and the polyimide, the poly(amide-imide) copolymer, or the combination thereof, of the second layer has a weight average molecular weight of about 10,000 grams/mole to about 50,000 grams/mole, and the composition for preparing the laminated film.

Abstract: Disclosed is a window film for a display device including a light transmitting substrate including a polyamide including a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1 and a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 2, and a hard coating layer laminated on one surface of the light transmitting substrate: in Chemical Formula 1 and Chemical Formula 2, each of A1, A2, B, and D is the same as defined in the detailed description.

Abstract: Provided is a sound source tracking apparatuses including a vibration unit including vibrators configured to vibrate in response to an ambient sound, the ambient sound including individual sounds, and a processor configured to separate the ambient sound into individual sounds, to determine a target individual sound having a target tone color among the individual sounds, and to obtain a relative location of a target sound source that generates the target individual sound.

Abstract: A stacked transparent film includes a polymer film including at least one of an amide structural unit and an imide structural unit, wherein the polymer film has a refractive index of about 1.65 to about 1.75 at a 550 nanometer wavelength and an elastic modulus of greater than or equal to about 5.5 gigapascals; and at least one of a first coating layer on a first side of the polymer film and a second coating layer on a side opposite the first side of the polymer film.

Abstract: A color polarizing film including a polymer and a dichroic dye having an absorption wavelength region of about 380 nm to about 780 nm, wherein the color polarizing film exhibits a maximum absorption wavelength (?max) in a wavelength range of about 380 nm to about 780 nm is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are a laminated film including a light transmitting substrate; a hard coating layer; and an optical enhancement layer disposed between the light transmitting substrate and the hard coating layer or at a position facing the hard coating layer with the light transmitting substrate therebetween, wherein the light transmitting substrate includes a polyimide, a poly(amide-imide) copolymer, or a combination thereof, and the optical enhancement layer includes a copolymer comprising a polyimide, and a display device including the laminated film.

Abstract: A composite membrane including an organic polymer matrix and a plurality of porous inorganic particles is disclosed, wherein each of the porous inorganic particles has a plurality of pores arranged while forming a channel in a predetermined direction, and wherein an average length of the porous inorganic particles in a direction parallel to the channel is less than three times the average maximum length of the porous inorganic particles in the direction perpendicular to the channel.

Abstract: A color polarizing film including a first layer including a first polymer and a first dichroic dye having an absorption wavelength region of about 380 nm to about 780 nm and a second layer including a second polymer and a second dichroic dye having an absorption wavelength region of about 380 nm to about 780 nm, wherein the second layer is disposed on the first layer, wherein a polarization axis of the first layer and a polarization axis of a second layer cross each other, and wherein the color polarizing film exhibits a maximum absorption wavelength (?max) in a wavelength range of about 380 nm to about 780 nm.