Abstract: The invention relates to burners for the gasification of pulverized coal--injected in a dense phase--with steam and oxygen, and it can be employed for coal gasification in the chemical industry. Objects of the present invention are to increase the reliability in operation of the burner and to improve the quality of the gas obtained from the gasification process. The burner should be designed in such a way that a reliable operation is attained under the conditions of the gasification process (e. g. high pressures and temperatures within the gasifier). The design of the pulverized-coal feeding device, the water-cooled jacket and the swirl chamber according to the invention are described in detail.

Abstract: A thermal shielding for covers and bottoms of gas generators and other reaction vessels intended to operate at elevated temperature and pressure is disclosed wherein the cover or bottom comprises an extension, integral with the reaction vessel, with an outer closure supporting a plurality of spaced guide tubes having fluid jackets at the inner ends thereof, the fluid jackets of a plurality of circumferentially spaced guide tubes being interconnected by concentrically spaced heat transfer tubes substantially aligned with the inner surface of the reaction vessel, the fluid jacket of one of said guide tubes being divided by baffle means into separate chambers respectively connected with supply and discharge lines for cooling fluid to be circulated through said plurality of fluid jackets and concentric connecting tubes whereby effective cooling is achieved at inner ends of said guide tubes with a minimum of congestion externally of the vessel cover or bottom.