Abstract: A surface active compound for use in microemulsions useful in oil recovery, wood impregnating, dry cleaning, cleaning of hard surfaces and for floor polishing, which has one hydrophobic group, containing 9-50, preferably 12-35 carbon atoms and 2-6 separate hydrophilic end groups, at least one of the hydrophilic end groups being a nonionic group obtained by reacting a compound having a reactive hydrogen atom with an alkylene oxide having 2-4 carbon atoms and at least one being an anionic group.

Abstract: Described for use as a key ingredient in an animal control composition and more particularly in an animal repellent composition, is the genus of steroids defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein X completes a substituted cyclopentyl moiety and is one of the moieties: ##STR2## wherein Y represents methylene, carbinol or keto; and wherein Z completes a substituted cyclohexyl moiety and is one of the moieties:hydroxycyclohexyl;ketocyclohexyl;ketocyclohexenyl;hydroxyphenyl;cyclohexenyl; orbicyclohexyland wherein the dashed line represents a carbon-carbon single bond or a carbon-carbon double bond.Also described are animal control articles consisting of one or more members of the above mentioned steroid genus and imbedded in a compatible polymer.

Abstract: Described for use as a key ingredient in an animal control composition and more particularly in an animal repellent composition, is the genus of steroids defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein X completes a substituted cyclopentyl moiety and is one of the moieties: ##STR2## wherein Y represents methylene, carbinol or keto; and wherein Z completes a substituted cyclohexyl moiety and is one of the moieties:hydroxycyclohexyl;ketocyclohexyl;ketocyclohexenyl;hydroxyphenyl;cyclohexenyl; orbicyclohexyland wherein the dashed line represents a carbon-carbon single bond or a carbon-carbon double bond.Also described are animal control articles consisting of one or more members of the above mentioned steroid genus and imbedded in a compatible polymer.

Abstract: Formations surrounding oil wells, gas wells, injection wells and similar bore holes are treated by the injection of a microemulsion containing an acid solution. The main surfactant of the microemulsion is characterized by having at least two hydrocarbon groups attached to a nitrogen atom via a polar groups.

Abstract: Described for use as a key ingredient in an animal control composition and more particularly in an animal repellent composition, is the genus of steroids defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein X completes a substituted cyclopentyl moiety and is one of the moieties: ##STR2## wherein Y represents methylene, carbinol or keto; and wherein Z completes a substituted cyclohexyl moiety and is one of the moieties:hydroxycyclohexyl;ketocyclohexyl;ketocyclohexenyl;hydroxyphenyl;cyclohexenyl; orbicyclohexyland wherein the dashed line represents a carbon-carbon single bond or a carbon-carbon double bond.Also described are animal control articles consisting of one or more members of the above mentioned steroid genus and imbedded in a compatible polymer.

Abstract: For repelling elk, hart, roe deer and similar animals from plantations, orchards, road sections etc. one or more natural or synthetic steroids of the type occurring on human skin or hair or in human sweat or urine are used. Also derivatives of these steroids obtainable by subjecting the steroids to air, moisture or micro-organisms may be used. The steroids are combined with a carrier into a repellent unit which may liberate molecules of the repellent substance to the air for maintaining a concentration perceptible to the sense of smell of the animals.