Abstract: A flame-retardant compound, a process for forming a flame-retardant compound, and an article of manufacture are disclosed. The flame-retardant compound includes a tetrazine moiety and at least one organophosphorus moiety. The process includes obtaining starting materials, which include a benzonitrile compound, a phosphorus-based compound, and hydrazine. The process also includes reacting the starting materials to form a tetrazine flame retardant. The article of manufacture includes a polymer and a flame-retardant compound having a tetrazine moiety and at least one organophosphorus moiety.

Abstract: A process of forming a flame retardant polylactide includes forming a flame retardant lactide monomer. The process also includes forming a lactide feedstock that includes at least the flame retardant lactide monomer. The process further includes polymerizing the lactide feedstock to form a flame retardant polylactide.

Abstract: A method and a system for non-destructively detecting defects within and/or on plated-through holes are provided. The method includes sealing a plated-through hole on a printed circuit board to detect for possible defects along the sidewall of the plated-through hole. The method further includes applying an airflow through the plated-through hole and measuring the airflow entering the plated-through hole at the gasket to determine the initial airflow calculation. The method also includes measuring the airflow again as it exits the plated-through hole to determine an exit airflow calculation. A determination of the quality of the plated-through hole is made by the method by analyzing the initial airflow calculation and the exit airflow calculation.

Abstract: A method and a system for detecting defects in plated-through hole by partially submerging a printed circuit board in a fluid bath. The method includes partially submerging a printed circuit board on a first side and measuring a capillary height difference within a plated-through hole and the surrounding fluid bath. The method further includes partially submerging the printed circuit board on a second side and measuring a second capillary height difference within the plated-through hole and the surrounding fluid bath. The method also includes comparing the measured values with predetermined values to determine the quality of the plated-through hole.

Abstract: A flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound, a process for forming a levulinic acid-based flame retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that contains a flame retardant levulinic acid-based polymer are disclosed. The flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound has variable moieties, which include phenyl-substituted and/or R functionalized flame retardant groups. The process for forming the flame retardant polymer includes forming a phosphorus-based flame retardant molecule, forming a levulinic acid derivative, chemically reacting the phosphorus-based flame retardant molecule and the levulinic acid derivative to form a flame retardant levulinic acid-based compound, and incorporating the levulinic acid-based flame retardant compound into a polymer to form the flame retardant polymer.

Abstract: A repatternable nanoimprint lithography stamp includes a magnetic substrate and magnetic core nanoparticles. The magnetic substrate includes a magnet and a magnetic mask, and the magnetic core nanoparticles are arranged in a pattern on a surface of the magnetic substrate. The pattern is defined by selective application of a magnetic field to the magnetic substrate using the magnet and the magnetic mask.

Abstract: An organic photovoltaic device comprising a quaternized tetrazine-based donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymer is disclosed.

Abstract: A microcapsule, a method, and an article of manufacture. The microcapsule includes a degradable shell and a polymerizing agent encapsulated by the degradable shell. The method includes selecting a polymerizing agent, encapsulating the polymerizing agent in a degradable shell, and rupturing the degradable shell by exposure to an energy source, such as a laser, a UV radiation source, and/or a heat source. The article of manufacture includes a microcapsule having a degradable shell and a polymerizing agent encapsulated by the degradable shell.

Abstract: A method, composition, and article of manufacture. The method can include depositing a layer, which includes a set of particles and a set of microcapsules encapsulating polymerizing agents. The method can also include fusing particles in selected areas of the layer with a laser, and rupturing at least a portion of microcapsules using at least one energy source selected from the laser, an ultraviolet (UV) radiation source, and a heat source. The composition can include a set of particles and a set of microcapsules, each containing a polymerizing agent encapsulated by a degradable shell. The article of manufacture can include fused layers that include fused particles and pores sealed in reactions with polymerizing agents released from degradable microcapsules.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure generally provide methods related to articles that display reversible photoresponsive behavior.

Abstract: A process of forming a functionalized polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) material includes forming a saturated PHA material via a bacterial fermentation process. The process further includes performing an oxide elimination reaction on the saturated PHA material to form an unsaturated PHA material having a carbon-carbon double bond in a polymer backbone. The process also includes utilizing the unsaturated PHA material to form an epoxidized PHA material. The process further includes utilizing the epoxidized PHA material to form a functionalized PHA material. The functionalized PHA material has one or more cross-linkable functional groups bonded to a polymer backbone of the functionalized PHA material.

Abstract: A process of forming a flame retardant monomer includes forming a hydroxyl-functionalized caprolactone molecule, and reacting the hydroxyl-functionalized with a phosphorus-containing flame retardant molecule to form a flame retardant-functionalized caprolactone monomer. A flame retardant monomer includes at least one moiety derived from a hydroxyl-functionalized caprolactone molecule and at least one phosphorus-containing flame retardant moiety. A flame retardant polymer includes at least two flame retardant monomer repeat units, each flame retardant monomer repeat unit including at least one moiety derived from a hydroxyl-functionalized caprolactone molecule and at least one phosphorus-containing flame retardant moiety.

Abstract: A flame-retardant compound, a process for forming a flame-retardant compound, and an article of manufacture comprising a material containing a flame-retardant polyetheretherketone based polymer are disclosed. The flame-retardant compound includes two or more polyetheretherketone polymer chains and at least one flame-retardant aryl diamine cross-linker moiety, wherein the flame-retardant aryl diamine cross-linker moiety contains at least one flame-retardant functional group. The process includes selecting a flame-retardant aryl diamine, wherein the flame-retardant aryl diamine contains at least one flame-retardant functional group, selecting a polyetheretherketone polymer, and reacting the flame-retardant aryl diamine with the polyetheretherketone polymer to form a flame-retardant polyetheretherketone based polymer having flame-retardant aryl diamine cross-linkers, wherein the flame-retardant aryl diamine cross-linkers contain the at least one flame-retardant functional group.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method of forming an ultraviolet-stabilized corrosion inhibitor is provided. The method includes forming a functionalized azole; forming a functionalized photosensitizer; and forming an ultraviolet-stabilized corrosion inhibitor by reacting the functionalized azole with the functionalized photosensitizer. In another embodiment, an ultraviolet-stabilized corrosion inhibitor is provided. The inhibitor includes an azole bonded to a photosensitizer. In another embodiment, an article of manufacture is provided. The article of manufacture includes a material comprising a reaction product of an azole and a photosensitizer.

Abstract: Methods and systems for detecting environmental contaminants is described. In an embodiment, a method includes macerating and extracting a sample; reacting a first polymerizable compound with the sample to form a second mixture comprising a second polymerizable compound; adding an initiator to the second mixture comprising the second polymerizable compound; performing a polymerization reaction on the second mixture comprising the second polymerizable compound to form a third mixture comprising a precipitate; and performing a turbidimetric analysis on the third mixture comprising the precipitate. In another embodiment, a method includes macerating and extracting a sample; reacting a first mixture comprising the functionalized polythiophene compound and the sample to form a second mixture comprising a second functionalized polythiophene compound; performing a colorimetric analysis on the second mixture comprising the second functionalized polythiophene compound.

Abstract: A cross-linkable flame retardant material includes a terminal furan-containing flame retardant moiety. The terminal furan-containing flame retardant moiety includes a furan moiety bonded to a phosphorus moiety via a phosphoryl linkage or via a phosphinyl linkage.

Abstract: A process of forming a side-chain-functionalized polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) material is disclosed. The process includes forming a PHA material having a hydroxyl-terminated side-chain. The process also includes utilizing the PHA material having the hydroxyl-terminated side-chain to form a side-chain-functionalized PHA material having a side-chain with a terminal cross-linkable functional group, for example, sulfhydryl group, in order to form reversibly cross-linked PHA material.

Abstract: A flame-retardant compound, a process for forming a flame-retardant compound, and an article of manufacture. The flame-retardant compound includes a tetrazine moiety and at least one ligand comprising a brominated moiety. The process includes providing starting materials, which include a nitrile compound, a bromine source, and hydrazine. The process also includes reacting the starting materials to form a tetrazine flame retardant. The article of manufacture includes a polymer and a flame-retardant compound having a tetrazine moiety and at least one ligand comprising a brominated moiety.

Abstract: A biobased flame retardant, a process for forming a biobased flame retardant, and an article of manufacture. The flame-retardant compound includes at least one moiety derived from a biobased dicarboxylic acid and at least one organophosphorus moiety. The process includes providing an organophosphorus compound and malic acid or a hydroxylated derivative of a biobased dicarboxylic acid. The process also includes reacting the organophosphorus compound and the malic acid or hydroxylated derivative to form a flame retardant. The article of manufacture includes a polymer and an organophosphorus flame retardant derived from a biobased dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: A terminally-functionalized derivative of a cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) compound, a method to form a polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a polymer derived from the terminally-functionalized CNSL derivative. The terminally-functionalized CNSL derivative has two, three, four, or five reactive functional groups. The polymer is prepared by obtaining CNSL compounds, reacting the CNSL compounds to form the terminally-functionalized CNSL derivative, and polymerizing the terminally-functionalized CNSL derivative.