Abstract: A method of producing a composite carbon catalyst is generally disclosed. The method includes oxidizing a carbon precursor (e.g., carbon black). Optionally, nitrogen functional groups can be added to the oxidized carbon precursor. Then, the oxidized carbon precursor is refluxed with a non-platinum transitional metal precursor in a solution. Finally, the solution is pyrolyzed at a temperature of at least about 500° C.

Abstract: A method based on pulse electrodeposition technique was developed for preparation of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs). In this approach, platinum is deposited directly on the surface of the carbon electrode. The method ensures most of the platinum to be in close contact with the membrane. Using this method it is possible to increase the Pt/C ratio up to 75 wt % near the surface of the electrode resulting in a 5 ?m thick catalyst layer. The MEA prepared by pulse electrodeposition exhibits a current density of 0.33 A/cm2 at 0.8 V with platinum loading of 0.25 mg of Pt/cm2. The results indicate that pulse deposition may be an attractive technique to replace the conventional powder-type MEA preparation methods and help achieve industry goals of reducing catalyst cost and increasing efficiency in polymer electrode membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for forming a deposit on the surface of a metallic or conductive surface. The process employs an electrolytic process to deposit a silicate containing coating or film upon a metallic or conductive surface.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for forming a deposit on the surface of a metallic or conductive surface. The process employs an electrolytic process to deposit a silicate containing coating or film upon a metallic or conductive surface.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an electroless or electrolytic process for treating metallic surfaces. The process employs a medium comprising at least one oxygen containing water soluble compound (e.g., stannates, molybdates, vanadates and hydrated cerium compounds) having a controlled and predetermined concentration, temperature and pH wherein the metallic surface is at least partially corroded or solubilized.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an electroless or electrolytic process for treating metallic surfaces. The process employs a medium comprising at least one oxygen containing water soluble compound (e.g., stannates, molybdates, vanadates and hydrated cerium compounds) having a controlled and predetermined concentration, temperature and pH wherein the metallic surface is at least partially corroded or solubilized.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for forming a deposit on the surface of a metallic or conductive surface. The process employs an electrolytic process to deposit a silicate containing coating or film upon a metallic or conductive surface.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an electroless or electrolytic process for treating metallic surfaces. The process employs a medium comprising at least one oxygen containing water soluble compound (e.g., stannates, molybdates, vanadates and hydrated cerium compounds) having a controlled and predetermined concentration, temperature and pH wherein the metallic surface is at least partially corroded or solubilized.