Abstract: Renewable composite microelectrodes for electrochemical applications are formed by an initial coating on an elongated conductive substrate of less than 500 micrometers over at least a portion of its length with a modifier composition, and a superposed coating of electronically resistive polymer. The initial coating is exposed only at the tip portion of the microelectrode. The initial coating may be an absorbed layer of the modifier, a homogeneous layer of a polymeric matrix with the modifier dispersed therein, or a layer of a polymer with a modifier in its chain. The modifier provides distinctive properties to the surface of the electrode which may be electroactivity, inclusion, acidic/basic, complexing/chelating or electrocatalysis. The microelectrode will normally be used with only the tip portion thereof immersed in the solution, and it may be renewed by removing the contaminated tip portion.

Abstract: Renewable modified composite electrodes for electrochemical applications are provided by homogeneous structures of a conductive filler and a modifier dispersed within a polymer matrix or binder. The modifiers may provide characteristics of electroactivity, inclusion, adsorption or electrocatalysis to the surface of the electrode in a solution. After use, the electrode may be renewed by removing a surface portion and thereby exposing a fresh portion of the homogeneous structure.

Abstract: Renewable modified composite electrodes for electrochemical application are provided by homogeneous structure of a conductive filler disposed in a polymeric matrix or binder containing a modifier in the polymer chain. The modifier provides distinctive characteristics of electroactivity, inclusion, acidic/basic, complexing/chelating or electrocatalysis to the surface of the electrode in a solution. After use, the electrode may be renewed by removing a surface portion and thereby exposing a fresh portion of the homogeneous structure.