Abstract: An integrated particle detection apparatus for optical detection of particles in an air stream. The particle detection apparatus includes a scalper for removing large particles from the air stream, a concentrator for separating out small particles and increasing the concentration of particles of interest, and a fluorescence sensor system for detecting the particles present in the air stream. The scalper, concentrator and sensor may include a single integrated unit, such that the scalper is fluidly contiguous with the concentrator and the concentrator is fluidly contiguous with the sensor.

Abstract: A particle separation apparatus is disclosed. The particle separation apparatus may be for sample air stream preparation and delivery in particle detection systems. The particle separation apparatus may include a first vortex separator coupled to a second vortex separator for selecting particles in the air stream that are within a desirable size range for particle detection. The second vortex separator may further increase the concentration of particles within the desirable size range per unit volume. The particle separation apparatus may deliver the size-selected air stream to a detector, such as a laser-induced fluorescence detection system.

Abstract: An integrated particle detection apparatus for optical detection of particles in an air stream. The particle detection apparatus includes a scalper for removing large panicles from the air stream, a concentrator for separating out small particles and increasing the concentration of particles of interest, and a fluorescence sensor system for detecting the particles present in the air stream. The scalper, concentrator and sensor comprise a single integrated unit, such that the scalper is fluidly contiguous with the concentrator and the concentrator is fluidly contiguous with the sensor.

Abstract: An adapter for connecting combination electrodes to a defibrillator/monitor/pacer. The adapter isolates the pacer from the defibrillator when a defibrillation pulse is applied over the combination electrodes. In a first embodiment of the adapter, the pacer is conductively connected to the combination electrodes only when the pacer's power supply is turned on. In a second embodiment of the adapter, the pacer is normally connected to the combination electrodes, but is disconnected when the defibrillator/monitor/pacer is analyzing a patient's ECG or when the defibrillator is charging to enable it to deliver a defibrillation pulse. Also provided in the adapter is a contact assembly for connecting the adapter to defibrillation paddles from the defibrillator.