Abstract: A server to provide single sign on services. The server includes a processor and a memory storing an attempt table. The server, in response to receiving a first password for a user account, forwards the first password to an authentication device. The server determines that the first password is not valid for the user account. The server stores the first password in association with the user account in the attempt table. In response to receiving a second password for the user account, the server determines whether the second password matches the first password. When the second password does not match the first password, the server forwards the second password to the authentication device.

Abstract: A server to provide single sign on services. The server includes a processor and a memory storing an attempt table. The server, in response to receiving a first password for a user account, forwards the first password to an authentication device. The server determines that the first password is not valid for the user account. The server stores the first password in association with the user account in the attempt table. In response to receiving a second password for the user account, the server determines whether the second password matches the first password. When the second password does not match the first password, the server forwards the second password to the authentication device.

Abstract: An authentication device has internal circuitry operable to execute specific digital processing, a digital token, an image-capturing mechanism and circuitry, and an output interface. The image-capturing mechanism captures an image providing biometric identity of a user, the internal circuitry executing a first specific digital process creates a first digital string unique to the image providing biometric identity, the internal circuitry executing a second specific digital process combines the first digital string with the digital token, creating a combined digital string, and the combined digital string is provided to the output interface.

Abstract: An authentication device has internal circuitry operable to execute specific digital processing, a digital token, an image-capturing mechanism and circuitry, and an output interface. The image-capturing mechanism captures an image providing biometric identity of a user, the internal circuitry executing a first specific digital process creates a first digital string unique to the image providing biometric identity, the internal circuitry executing a second specific digital process combines the first digital string with the digital token, creating a combined digital string, and the combined digital string is provided to the output interface.