Abstract: An electric starting aid for an internal combustion engine includes a body and a stem extending from the body. The stem contains a temperature responsive valve which when heated allows fuel flow from an inlet into the peripheral surface of the stem. A heating element is tightly wound about the stem and has one end secured to the stem and the other end to a terminal. An ignition element extends in spaced relationship about the stem and has one end secured to the stem and the other end to the body. The stem is electrically insulated from the body.

Abstract: An engine system for a road vehicle includes an engine having an exhaust manifold which is coupled to an exhaust gas treatment device. A device is provided to deliver vaporized fuel or to burn fuel in the air inlet manifold to increase the level of noxious gas in the engine exhaust. In this case the treatment device is of the catalytic variety and the increase in the noxious gas content causes an increase in the temperature of the active mass of the treatment device resulting in self cleaning. For a non-catalytic treatment device a burner is disposed in the exhaust manifold.