Abstract: Handling frequently accessed pages is disclosed. An indication is received of a stalling event caused by a requested portion of memory being inaccessible. It is determined that the requested portion of memory is a frequently updated portion of memory. The stalling event is handled based at least in part on the determination that the requested portion of memory is a frequently updated portion of memory.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and system for determining a retail price for a commodity within a geographic boundary. Retail prices for the commodity may be obtained from various sources, such as observers, third-party reporting, transactional data, and self-reporting. The retail price for each source may be analyzed to determine a risk factor. The retail prices from all sources associated with a location may be compared to determine a composite retail price for the location. The retail prices for all the locations within the geographic boundary may be analyzed to generate an aggregate composite price for the commodity within the geographic boundary. The analysis may include using a weighted formula. The analysis may include a volume proxy.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the provisioning of price protection contracts which provide price protection against adverse fluctuations in the retail price of a commodity to a consumer are disclosed. While these price protection contracts may pertain to almost any type of commodity, certain embodiments of the present invention may provide systems and method for allowing a consumer to obtain price protection on the purchase of fuel. Specifically, embodiments of the present invention may provide the ability for fleet managers to obtain a price protection contract for the purchase of fuel where the price protection contract specifies at least one lock price, quantity, locale and time period such that the price protection contract may guarantee the right to aggregately purchase the quantity of fuel in the locale at the lock price during the time period.

Abstract: A catalyst is provided, where the catalyst has an active surface that includes at least one nodular-structured (particulate) catalyst layer disposed on a support substrate, where the nodular-structured catalyst layer partially coats a surface of the support substrate. The invention further includes a fabrication method of the catalyst. The method includes depositing a catalyst precursor coating on a support substrate by heating a catalyst precursor solution on the support substrate, and further heating the catalyst precursor-coated substrate until a nodular-structured (particulate) catalyst is formed, where the nodular-structured catalyst layer partially coats a surface of the support substrate.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein provide price protection on commodity purchases in which a consumer can select, accept, or otherwise agree to a depletion constraint on the consumption of the commodity thus purchased. Based on the agreed depletion constraint, a provider may adjust terms and/or the price of the price protection. In some embodiments, the depletion constraint can be time-based, quantity-based, value-based, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the depletion constraint can be linear. In some embodiments, a consumer may be required to purchase a certain amount of the commodity during a specified time frame. In some embodiments, the provider of the price protection may receive a payment from the consumer when the retail price of the commodity at the time of the purchase is below a specified floor price. In some embodiments, the commodity is motor fuel.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein provide a new way to generate estimated forward retail prices for a retail commodity within a geographic boundary that represents a target market. Using estimates for local retail prices, combined with knowledge of current and historical wholesale prices, embodiments disclosed herein enable the creation of a forward estimate of retail prices on fuels for a specific location, time period, and fuel grade. In some embodiment, the process of creating a forward estimate of retail prices on fuels comprises performing a predictive modeling utilizing wholesale gasoline prices, rack markup, retail markup, and taxes on a location, time period, and fuel grade basis. In some cases, the estimated forward retail prices thus generated can be used in a pricing model for price protection services for that retail commodity in that target market.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing an insurance premium in association with an insurance strike price for a commodity are disclosed. By paying the insurance premium a consumer may obtain price protection for a commodity purchase. In particular, in one embodiment a consumer may obtain the right to be reimbursed for any amount paid over the insurance strike price for the commodity.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein provide a new way to generate estimated forward retail prices for a retail commodity within a geographic boundary that represents a target market. Using estimates for local retail prices, combined with knowledge of current and historical wholesale prices, embodiments disclosed herein enable the creation of a forward estimate of retail prices on fuels for a specific location, time period, and fuel grade. In some embodiment, the process of creating a forward estimate of retail prices on fuels comprises performing a predictive modeling utilizing wholesale gasoline prices, rack markup, retail markup, and taxes on a location, time period, and fuel grade basis. In some cases, the estimated forward retail prices thus generated can be used in a pricing model for price protection services for that retail commodity in that target market.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein provide price protection on commodity purchases in which a consumer can select, accept, or otherwise agree to a depletion constraint on the consumption of the commodity thus purchased. Based on the agreed depletion constraint, a provider may adjust terms and/or the price of the price protection. In some embodiments, the depletion constraint can be time-based, quantity-based, value-based, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the depletion constraint can be linear. In some embodiments, a consumer may be required to purchase a certain amount of the commodity during a specified time frame. In some embodiments, the provider of the price protection may receive a payment from the consumer when the retail price of the commodity at the time of the purchase is below a specified floor price. In some embodiments, the commodity is motor fuel.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing an insurance premium in association with an insurance strike price for a commodity are disclosed. By paying the insurance premium a consumer may obtain price protection for a commodity purchase. In particular, in one embodiment a consumer may obtain the right to be reimbursed for any amount paid over the insurance strike price for the commodity.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein provide price protection on commodity purchases in which a consumer can select, accept, or otherwise agree to a depletion constraint on the consumption of the commodity thus purchased. Based on the agreed depletion constraint, a provider may adjust terms and/or the price of the price protection. In some embodiments, the depletion constraint can be time-based, quantity-based, value-based, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the depletion constraint can be linear. In some embodiments, a consumer may be required to purchase a certain amount of the commodity during a specified time frame. In some embodiments, the provider of the price protection may receive a payment from the consumer when the retail price of the commodity at the time of the purchase is below a specified floor price. In some embodiments, the commodity is motor fuel.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing an insurance premium in association with an insurance strike price for a commodity are disclosed. By paying the insurance premium a consumer may obtain price protection for a commodity purchase. In particular, in one embodiment a consumer may obtain the right to be reimbursed for any amount paid over the insurance strike price for the commodity.

Abstract: Molten metal or molten metal alloy catalysts for transesterification reactions are provided. In particular, readily available molten tin is used as a catalyst for biodiesel production. Catalysts comprising tin alloys with low melting point temperatures to allow for low operation temperatures are also provided. The molten catalysts remain in the reaction zone and do not contaminate the product stream, thereby product separation and recovery are manageable. By using molten tin catalysts, it is possible to produce a high quality glycerol as a second valuable product. Furthermore, wide quality ranges of reactants (alcohol and oil) are available for biodiesel production with molten tin catalysts.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein provide a new way to generate estimated forward retail prices for a retail commodity within a geographic boundary that represents a target market; Using estimates for local retail prices, combined with knowledge of current and historical wholesale prices, embodiments disclosed herein enable the creation of a forward estimate of retail prices on fuels for a specific location, time period, and fuel grade. In some embodiment, the process of creating a forward estimate of retail prices on fuels comprises performing a predictive modeling utilizing wholesale gasoline prices, rack markup, retail markup, and taxes on a location, time period, and fuel grade basis. In some cases, the estimated forward retail prices thus generated can be used in a pricing model for price protection services for that retail commodity in that target market.

Abstract: Methods for managing hedging scenarios associated with a retail commodity. The method includes enabling the creation of a risk profile associated with a user and the commodity. Based on the risk profile, the method includes selecting hedging scenario(s) associated with purchasing a quantity of the commodity. The method also includes determining a user cost associated with purchasing the hedging scenarios using a time-based price of the commodity and outputting the costs. In some embodiments the time-based price is historic. The method can include enabling the user to purchase a hedging scenarios. Some embodiments include accepting a commodity consumption pattern, adjustments to the pattern, what-if cases, costs to the provider of the hedging scenarios. The costs (and savings) to the user can be determined based on the accepted consumption patterns (and adjustments) what-if cases, and provider costs. Systems and programs for managing such hedging scenarios also provided.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein provide a unique methodology as well as the overall architecture necessary to implement the methodology that can enable an entity to create and provide a consumer price protection product under the Forward Contract Exception of the Commodity Exchange Act. Even consumers who do not meet commodity-related regulation requirements such as the Eligible Contract Participant regulatory requirements may purchase such a consumer price protection product or a variation thereof to reduce or cancel out the risk or at least reduce the unpredictability in purchasing commodities such as motor fuels.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and system for determining a retail price for a commodity within a geographic boundary. Retail prices for the commodity may be obtained from various sources, such as observers, third-party reporting, transactional data, and self-reporting. The retail price for each source may be analyzed to determine a risk factor. The retail prices from all sources associated with a location may be compared to determine a composite retail price for the location. The retail prices for all the locations within the geographic boundary may be analyzed to generate an aggregate composite price for the commodity within the geographic boundary. The analysis may include using a weighted formula. The analysis may include a volume proxy.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein provide viable revenue models for a service provider that offers price protection on a retail commodity to businesses as well as individual consumers in a retail commodity network. Specifically, embodiments disclosed offer a plurality of revenue flows in which the cost incurred by a service provider to offer hedge positions associated with a retail commodity can be offset in a variety of ways to cover the operating expenses and generate realistic profits. In some embodiments, a revenue model for a service provider in a retail commodity network may be built depending upon whether hedging cost information is generated internally or obtained externally. Such cost may be passed on to a customer entirely, none at all, or somewhere in between. Embodiments disclosed herein further provide a plurality of revenue sources and ways to generate revenues therefrom.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein provide price protection on commodity purchases in which a consumer can select, accept, or otherwise agree to a depletion constraint on the consumption of the commodity thus purchased. Based on the agreed depletion constraint, a provider may adjust terms and/or the price of the price protection. In some embodiments, the depletion constraint can be time-based, quantity-based, value-based, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the depletion constraint can be linear. In some embodiments, a consumer may be required to purchase a certain amount of the commodity during a specified time frame. In some embodiments, the provider of the price protection may receive a payment from the consumer when the retail price of the commodity at the time of the purchase is below a specified floor price. In some embodiments, the commodity is motor fuel.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the provisioning of price protection contracts which provide price protection against adverse fluctuations in the retail price of a commodity are disclosed. While these price protection contracts may pertain to almost any type of commodity, certain embodiments of the present invention may provide systems and method for allowing a consumer to obtain price protection on the purchase of fuel. Specifically, embodiments of the present invention may provide the ability to obtain a price protection contract for the purchase of fuel where the price protection contract specifies at least one lock price, quantity, locale and time period such that the price protection contract may guarantee the right to aggregately purchase the quantity of fuel in the locale at the lock price during the time period and where purchases under the price protection contract are settled against an index price at the time of the purchase.