Abstract: In one embodiment, a secure tracking method and apparatus for cargo in a physical commodity (a container for physical goods) is provided. A wireless ID communicator is provided in each container. A receiver on a transporter (a ship, truck, airplane, or drone) receives periodic goods status updates from a plurality of wireless ID communicators in containers on the transporter. The status updates are transmitted to a central blockchain maintained in a central blockchain database remote from the transporter. The status updates are also added to a local sidechain of the blockchain maintained in a side chain database on the transporter.

Abstract: A fluorescent light microscope for measuring a sample comprises a light source providing transfer light having a transfer wavelength for transferring a fluorescent dye in the sample from one state into another state, and a detector which measures fluorescent light from the sample with spatial resolution. The light source comprises a laser, an optical wave guide connected to the laser, and a wavelength-selective device connected to the optical wave guide. The laser emits pump light of a pump wavelength other than the transfer wavelength and injects the pump light into the optical wave guide.

Abstract: A fluorescent light microscope for measuring a sample comprises a light source providing transfer light having a transfer wavelength for transferring a fluorescent dye in the sample from one state into another state, and a detector which measures fluorescent light from the sample with spatial resolution. The light source comprises a laser, an optical wave guide connected to the laser, and a wavelength-selective device connected to the optical wave guide. The laser emits pump light of a pump wavelength other than the transfer wavelength and injects the pump light into the optical wave guide.