Abstract: The present invention relates to free radical reaction methods in which low molecular weight, C2 to C6, unsaturated organic compounds such as ethylene and/or propylene are reacted with low molecular weight, C1 to C15, preferably C1 to C10 saturated organic compounds to form low molecular weight, linear or branched C3 to C24, preferably C3 to C 12 organic compounds. The present invention is based at least in part upon the concept of carrying out the free radical reaction in the presence of a typically low concentrations of the unsaturated reactant(s) in the reaction zone(s). By doing this, chain transfer mechanisms are more favored while chain extension mechanisms are less favored. In some embodiments, principles of the present invention are helpful to create conditions under which chain transfer to form more stable, secondary or tertiary branched radicals is favored over olefin addition via chain extension.

Abstract: The present invention relates to integrated processes for using hydroformylation reaction strategies to efficiently convert ethylene in ethylene feed mixtures into C3 products (i.e., products comprising 3 carbon atoms) such as propionaldehyde, 1-propanol, propylene, propanoic acid, and the like. An aspect of the present invention is to partially purify a feed comprising an ethane/ethylene mixture rather than to attempt more complete purification. In contrast to substantially complete purification of ethylene, partial purification is technically and economically feasible at lower cost and allows hydroformylation to be practiced at high productivity and with a lower hydrogen and CO requirement. The lower volumes of such syngas used in the hydroformylation reaction, as well as a more favorable profile of leftover reactants in following hydroformylation makes recycle strategies much easier to practice.

Abstract: The principles of the present invention are useful in telomerization reactions in which ethylene and/or propylene taxogen is used in free radical reactions to make telomers of limited molecular weight, e.g., those in which a major portion of the telomer products are telomers incorporating 1 to 12 moles of ethylene and/or propylene per mole of telogen (i.e., a major portion of the telomer products incorporate telomers for which n is 1 to 12). The present invention is based at least in part upon the discovery that using a very large stoichiometric excess of C1 to C12 telogen(s) (i.e., telogens incorporating 1 to 12 carbon atoms per molecule) in combination with using very low concentrations of initiator provides telomerization reactions that are selective for producing lower molecular weight telomers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to integrated processes for using hydroformylation reaction strategies to efficiently convert ethylene in ethylene feed mixtures into C3 products (i.e., products comprising 3 carbon atoms) such as propionaldehyde, 1-propanol, propylene, propanoic acid, and the like. An aspect of the present invention is to partially purify a feed comprising an ethane/ethylene mixture rather than to attempt more complete purification. In contrast to substantially complete purification of ethylene, partial purification is technically and economically feasible at lower cost and allows hydroformylation to be practiced at high productivity and with a lower hydrogen and CO requirement. The lower volumes of such syngas used in the hydroformylation reaction, as well as a more favorable profile of leftover reactants in following hydroformylation makes recycle strategies much easier to practice.

Abstract: Processes that, make nitrogen-containing compounds include converting succinic acid (SA) or monoammonium succinate (MAS) derived from a diammoniurn succinate (DAS)- or MAS-containing fermentation broth to produce such compounds Including diammobmane (DAB), succinic dinitrile (SDN), succinic amino nitrile (SAN), succinamide (DAM), and related polymers.

Abstract: Processes for producing caprolactam (CL) and derivatives thereof from adipic acid (AA) obtained from fermentation broths containing diammonium adipate (DAA) or monoammonium adipate (MAA).

Abstract: Processes that make nitrogen-containing compounds include converting succinic acid (SA) or monoammonium succinate (MAS) derived from a diammonium succinate (DAS)- or MAS-containing fermentation broth to produce such compounds including diaminobutane (DAB), succinic dinitrile (SDN), succinic amino nitrile (SAN), succinamide (DAM), and related polymers.

Abstract: A process for making MAA from a clarified DAA-containing fermentation broth includes (a) distilling the broth to form an overhead that includes water and ammonia, and a liquid bottoms that includes MAA, at least some DAA, and at least about 20 wt. % water; (b) cooling the bottoms to a temperature sufficient to cause the bottoms to separate into a DAA-containing liquid portion in contact with a MAA-containing solid portion that is substantially free of DAA; (c) separating the solid portion from the liquid portion; and (d) recovering the solid portion.

Abstract: Hybrid strategies generally involve treating biodegradable substrates with preservative compositions having at least two phases in which the metal biocide is distributed among at least the two phases and via equilibrium reactions moves between the two phases. Both phases are caused to contact the substrate in a manner so that the phases are in contact with each other during at least a portion of the treatment. In illustrative embodiments, the first phase is a liquid phase comprising complexed metal biocide dissolved in a liquid carrier, while the second phase comprises particles comprising the metal biocide, often precipitated and/or colloidal particles. The strategies and related compositions, processes, and treatments are hybrid in the sense that the strategies include both heterogeneous (insoluble) and homogeneous metal biocide constituents. Unlike heterogeneous strategies, hybrid strategies are less sensitive to particle size constraints and may use biocide particles with a wider range of particle sizes.

Abstract: Processes include producing hexanediol (HDO), hexamethylenediamine (HMD), adiponitrile (ADN), adipamide (ADM) and derivatives thereof from fermentation broths containing diammonium adipate (DAA), monoammonium adipate (MAA) and/or adipic acid (AA).

Abstract: Processes for producing nitrogen containing compounds include producing hexamethylenediamine (HMD), adiponitrile (ADN), adipamide (ADM) and derivatives thereof from adipic acid (AA) obtained from fermentation broths containing diammonium adipate (DAA) or monoammonium adipate (MAA).

Abstract: Processes that, make nitrogen-containing compounds include converting succinic acid (SA) or monoammonium succinate (MAS) derived from a diammoniurn succinate (DAS)- or MAS-containing fermentation broth to produce such compounds Including diammobmane (DAB), succinic dinitrile (SDN), succinic amino nitrile (SAN), succinamide (DAM), and related polymers.

Abstract: Processes for making caprolactam (CL) from monoammonium adipate (MAA) and/or adipic acid (AA) obtained from a clarified diammonium adipate-containing (DAA-containing) fermentation broth or MAA-containing fermentation broth and converting the MAA or AA to the CL with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst at selected temperatures and pressures.

Abstract: Processes for making monoammonium succinate (MAS) and/or succinic acid (SA) from either a clarified diammonium succinate (DAS)-containing fermentation broth or a clarified MAS-containing fermentation broth include (a) distilling the broth to form an overhead that includes water and optionally ammonia and a liquid bottoms that includes MAS or SA; (b) cooling and/or evaporating the bottoms and optionally adding an antisolvent to the bottoms to attain a temperature and composition sufficient to cause the bottoms to produce a solid portion that contains MAS or SA in contact with a liquid portion; (c) separating the solid portion from the liquid portion; and (d) recovering the solid portion.

Abstract: Processes for producing nitrogen containing compounds include producing hexamethylenediamine (HMD), adiponitrile (ADN), adipamide (ADM) and derivatives thereof from adipic acid (AA) obtained from fermentation broths containing diammonium adipate (DAA) or monoammonium adipate (MAA).

Abstract: A process for making HOOC—R—COOH compound acid from a clarified NH4+?OOC—R—COO?NH4+ compound-containing fermentation broth including distilling the broth under super atmospheric pressure at a temperature of >I00° C. to about 250° C. to form an overhead that comprises water and ammonia, and a liquid bottoms that Includes HOOC—R—COOH compound acid, and at least about 20 wt %. water; cooling the. bottoms to a temperature sufficient to cause the bottoms to separate into a liquid portion in contact with a solid portion that is substantially pure HOOC—R—COOH compound acid; separating the solid portion from the liquid portion; and recovering the solid portion.

Abstract: Processes for making pyrrolidones include providing a clarified diammonium succinate (DAS)-containing and/or monoammonium succinate (MAS)-containing fermentation broth; distilling the broth under super atmospheric pressure at a temperature of greater than 100° C. to about 300° C. to form an overhead that includes water and ammonia, and a liquid bottoms that includes SA, and at least about 20 wt % water; cooling and/or evaporating the bottoms to attain a temperature and composition sufficient to cause the bottoms to separate into a liquid portion and a solid portion that is substantially pure SA; separating the solid portion from the liquid portion; and converting the solid SA portion to pyrrolidones.

Abstract: Processes that make nitrogen-containing compounds include converting succinic acid (SA) or monoammonium succinate (MAS) derived from a diammonium succinate (DAS)- or MAS-containing fermentation broth to produce such compounds including diaminobutane (DAB), succinic dinitrile (SDN), succinic amino nitrile (SAN), succinamide (DAM), and related polymers.

Abstract: A process for making a hydrogenated product comprising caprolactone (CLO) and 1,6-hexanediol (HDO) and derivatives thereof from adipic acid (AA) obtained from fermentation broths containing diammonium adipate (DAA) or monoammonium adipate (MAA).

Abstract: Processes for making hydrogenated products including caprolactame (CL) caprolactone (CLO) or 1,6-hexanediol (HDO) and derivative thereof from monoammonium adipate (MAA) and/or adipic acid (AA) obtained from a clarified diammonium adipate-containing (DAA-containing) fermentation broth or monoammonium adipate-containing (MAA-containing) fermentation broth.