Abstract: A method for adjusting the viscosity and binding of a tomato sauce, reducing tomato solids, and a resulting tomato sauce is prepared. A tomato paste solids is mixed with water and optionally spices. A highly refined cellulose fiber or particle having a water holding capacity of at least 20 grams of water per gram of highly refined cellulose to bind any free water and oil, which is mixed by agitation until uniformly mixed with the water and tomato paste mixture to form a pre-pasteurization mixture of tomato paste and at least 0.2% by weight of the highly refined cellulose. The pre-pasteurization mixture is pasteurized by heat to form a pasteurized mixture. While the hot pasteurized mixture is hot, it is homogenized. Pressure is increased during homogenization to lower Bostwick consistency.

Abstract: A composition of matter is used as an ingredient in cosmetics comprising at least 0.5% by weight and preferably 1-30% by weight of highly refined cellulose fiber in a cosmetic composition. Additionally present in the composition are other conventional cosmetic ingredients as known in the art. This composition may include at least colorants (dyes and pigments), lipophilic materials, aqueous materials (water and aqueous solutions), waxes, binding agents (polymers, thickening agents), emollients, emulsifiers, thickening agents, antioxidants, natural and synthetic oils and extracts, clays, ultraviolet radiation absorbers, and the like.

Abstract: Pectinases, such as Pectinex™ Ultra SP-L (composed of the enzyme Polygatacturonase, a type of pectinase which is derived from Aspergillus aculeatus) or pectinmethylesterases were used to decrease or increase, respectively, the viscosity of fiber solutions, especially solutions with highly refined cellulosic thickeners, and particularly those made of highly refined cellulosic parenchyma cell wall fiber solutions. The enzyme can reduce the viscosity up to 95% or increase the viscosity 100 fold. At lower concentrations the enzyme requires up to a few days of reacting to reach the full reduction in viscosity. Pectinex™ Ultra SP-L has an optimum pH of 4.5-5 and a temperature optimum of 40° C. By controlling the viscosity available from the dried, treated highly refined cellulosic fiber compositions, tailored powder compositions can be provided that will provide precise viscosities when rehydrated in solutions at a constant concentration.

Abstract: The present invention comprises an improved method for refining cellulose that produces a highly refined cellulosic material. The method comprises soaking raw material from primarily parenchymal cell wall structures in an aqueous solution which need not contain an agent to modify the fiber (e.g., a mild alkalizing or alkaline agent and/or solution) using reduced temperatures and pressures, and refining the material with a plate refiner so that a waste water stream is reduced in volume. The mass is dried to produce the HRC fiber. The HRC fiber displays a water retention capacity of about 25 to at least about 56 g H2O/g dry HRC and retains moisture under conditions that are ordinarily used to remove moisture from materials. The highly refined fiber product can also provide excellent thickening properties and can be used in a wide variety of materials, including edible materials.

Abstract: A composition of matter is used as an ingredient in making dairy-containing products, especially cheeses, cheese spreads, cheese sauces, ice cream, ice milk, yogurt, sherbet, milk shakes, and the like. The product can replace shortenings and fats and oils, and can be used in these dairy products. A highly refined cellulosic materials (e.g., cellulose, modified celluloses, derivatized celluloses, hemicellulose, lignin, etc.) product can be prepared by generally moderate treatment and still provide properties that are equivalent to or improved upon the properties of the best highly refined cellulose products produced from more intense and environmentally unfriendly processes. Fruit or vegetable cells with an exclusively parenchymal cell wall structure can be treated with a generally mild process to form highly absorbent microfibers.

Abstract: Pectinases, such as Pectinex™ Ultra SP-L (composed of the enzyme Polygatacturonase, a type of pectinase which is derived from Aspergillus aculeatus) or pectinmethylesterases were used to decrease or increase, respectively, the viscosity of fiber solutions, especially solutions with highly refined cellulosic thickeners, and particularly those made of highly refined cellulosic parenchyma cell wall fiber solutions. The enzyme can reduce the viscosity up to 95% or increase the viscosity 100 fold. At lower concentrations the enzyme requires up to a few days of reacting to reach the full reduction in viscosity. Pectinex™ Ultra SP-L has an optimum pH of 4.5-5 and a temperature optimum of 40° C. By controlling the viscosity available from the dried, treated highly refined cellulosic fiber compositions, tailored powder compositions can be provided that will provide precise viscosities when rehydrated in solutions at a constant concentration.

Abstract: Defects are removed from dry pulp by providing dry pulp having less than 10% by total weight of water therein. The location of individual defect material within the dry pulp is sensed. The located defect material is relatively positioned with respect to a defect removal system. Using the sensed location of defect material with respect to the defect removal system, the defect material is removed with the defect removal system from the dry pulp.

Abstract: A composition of matter is used as an ingredient in cosmetics comprising at least 0.5% by weight and preferably 1-30% by weight of highly refined cellulose fiber in a cosmetic composition. Additionally present in the composition are other conventional cosmetic ingredients as known in the art. This composition may include at least colorants (dyes and pigments), lipophilic materials, aqueous materials (water and aqueous solutions), waxes, binding agents (polymers, thickening agents), emollients, emulsifiers, thickening agents, antioxidants, natural and synthetic oils and extracts, clays, ultraviolet radiation absorbers, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention comprises an improved method for refining cellulose that produces a highly refined cellulosic material. The method comprises soaking raw material in a mild NaOH using reduced temperatures and pressures, and refining the material with a plate refiner so that a waste water stream is reduced in volume and has a pH within a range of 8 to 9. The present invention also comprises a HRC gel having a lignin concentration of at least about one (1)% by weight, and a water retention capacity of about 25 to at least about 56 g H2O/g dry HRC.

Abstract: A highly refined cellulose material is a composition of matter is used as an ingredient in the preparation of a neutraceutical in liquid, solid, or tablet form. These compositions may provide an expectation of a health benefit selected from the group consisting of Antioxidation; Cancer prevention; Arterial health improvement; Cholesterol lowering; Reduced blood pressure; Skin and wrinkle treatment; and Prolonging and/or delaying release of a nutrient into a bloodstream.

Abstract: A composition of matter is used as an ingredient in making dairy-containing products, especially cheeses, cheese spreads, cheese sauces, ice cream, ice milk, yogurt, sherbet, milk shakes, and the like. The product can replace shortenings and fats and oils, and can be used in these dairy products. A highly refined cellulosic materials (e.g., cellulose, modified celluloses, derivatized celluloses, hemicellulose, lignin, etc.) product can be prepared by generally moderate treatment and still provide properties that are equivalent to or improved upon the properties of the best highly refined cellulose products produced from more intense and environmentally unfriendly processes. Fruit or vegetable cells with an exclusively parenchymal cell wall structure can be treated with a generally mild process to form highly absorbent microfibers.

Abstract: A highly refined cellulose material is a composition of matter is used as an ingredient in the preparation of non-leavened or leavened crusted product that is prepared by baking, frying, broiling or other heated-prepared flour or grain based food products such as chips, crackers, the precooked mass comprising 0.25%-5.0% by weight of highly refined cellulose fiber, 2-20% by weight animal consumable oils or fats, 30-92.75% of flour or grain and 5-45% by weight of water. The final product has increased crust strength and resistance to cracking and rigid crumbling.

Abstract: The present invention comprises an improved method for refining cellulose that produces a highly refined cellulosic material. The method comprises soaking raw material in a mild NaOH using reduced temperatures and pressures, and refining the material with a plate refiner so that a waste water stream is reduced in volume and has a pH within a range of 8 to 9. The present invention also comprises a HRC gel having a lignin concentration of at least about one (1)% by weight, and a water retention capacity of about 25 to at least about 56 g H2O/g dry HRC.

Abstract: The present invention comprises an improved method for refining cellulose that produces a highly refined cellulosic material. The method comprises soaking raw material from primarily parenchymal cell wall structures in an aqueous solution which need not contain an agent to modify the fiber (e.g., a mild alkalizing or alkaline agent and/or solution) using reduced temperatures and pressures, and refining the material with a plate refiner so that a waste water stream is reduced in volume. The mass is dried to produce the HRC fiber. The HRC fiber displays a water retention capacity of about 25 to at least about 56 g H2O/g dry HRC and retains moisture under conditions that are ordinarily used to remove moisture from materials. The highly refined fiber product can also provide excellent thickening properties and can be used in a wide variety of materials, including edible materials.

Abstract: The present invention comprises an improved method for refining cellulose that produces a highly refined cellulosic material. The method comprises soaking raw material in a mild NaOH using reduced temperatures and pressures, and refining the material with a plate refiner so that a waste water stream is reduced in volume and has a pH within a range of 8 to 9. The present invention also comprises a HRC gel having a lignin concentration of at least about one (1)% by weight, and a water retention capacity of about 25 to at least about 56 g H2O/g dry HRC.

Abstract: The present invention comprises an improved method for refining cellulose that produces a highly refined cellulosic material. The method comprises soaking raw material from primarily parenchymal cell wall structures in an aqueous solution which need not contain an agent to modify the fiber (e.g., a mild alkalizing or alkaline agent and/or solution) using reduced temperatures and pressures, and refining the material with a plate refiner so that a waste water stream is reduced in volume. The mass is dried to produce the HRC fiber. The HRC fiber displays a water retention capacity of about 25 to at least about 56 g H2O/g dry HRC and retains moisture under conditions that are ordinarily used to remove moisture from materials. The highly refined fiber product can also provide excellent thickening properties and can be used in a wide variety of materials, including edible materials.

Abstract: A composition of matter is used as an ingredient in cooking comprising 1-30% by weight of highly refined cellulose fiber, 20-85% by weight animal consumable oils or fats and 5-40% by weight of water. The product can replace shortenings and fats and oils, and can be used in baked, fried, extruded and frozen products. A highly refined cellulosic materials (e.g., cellulose, modified celluloses, derivatized celluloses, hemicellulose, lignin, etc.) product can be prepared by generally moderate treatment and still provide properties that are equivalent to or improved upon the properties of the best highly refined cellulose products produced from more intense and environmentally unfriendly processes. Fruit or vegetable cells with an exclusively parenchymal cell wall structure can be treated with a generally mild process to form highly absorbent microfibers.

Abstract: The present invention comprises an improved method for refining cellulose that produces a highly refined cellulosic material in combination with a hydrocolloid. The method comprises soaking raw material from primarily parenchymal cell wall structures in an aqueous solution which need not contain an agent to modify the fiber (e.g., a mild alkalizing or alkaline agent and/or solution) using reduced temperatures and pressures, and refining the material with a plate refiner so that a waste water stream is reduced in volume. The mass is dried to produce the HRC fiber. The HRC fiber displays a water retention capacity of about 25 to at least about 56 g H2O/g dry HRC and retains moisture under conditions that are ordinarily used to remove moisture from materials. The highly refined fiber product can also provide excellent thickening properties and can be used in a wide variety of materials, including edible materials.

Abstract: The present invention comprises an improved method for refining cellulose that produces a highly refined cellulosic material. The method comprises soaking raw material from primarily parenchymal cell wall structures in an aqueous solution which need not contain an agent to modify the fiber (e.g., a mild alkalizing or alkaline agent and/or solution) using reduced temperatures and pressures, and refining the material with a plate refiner so that a waste water stream is reduced in volume. The mass is dried to produce the HRC fiber. The HRC fiber displays a water retention capacity of about 25 to at least about 56 g H2O/g dry HRC and retains moisture under conditions that are ordinarily used to remove moisture from materials. The highly refined fiber product can also provide excellent thickening properties and can be used in a wide variety of materials, including edible materials.

Abstract: The present invention comprises an improved method for refining cellulose that produces a highly refined cellulosic material. The method comprises soaking raw material in a mild NaOH using reduced temperatures and pressures, and refining the material with a plate refiner so that a waste water stream is reduced in volume and has a pH within a range of 8 to 9. The present invention also comprises a HRC gel having a lignin concentration of at least about one (1)% by weight, and a water retention capacity of about 25 to at least about 56 g H2O/g dry HRC.