Abstract: Walk through ladder extensions are provided to attach to the upper ends of ladder side rails, and define a wide unobstructed space between them. The extensions can be gripped by a user to steady the user as the user moves onto a roof of a building against which the ladder is placed.

Abstract: A wheeled dolly or support for a ladder is made in two pieces, including a base plate that permanently affixes to an outside surface of a rail of a ladder, and a frame that is removably mounted on the base plate. The frame carries wheels that will support the ladder when the ladder is placed on edge and one end of the ladder is lifted. The frame normally is near a base end of the ladder. The frame that holds the wheels can be removed when desired for storage, or for use in a location where the wheels may restrict clearance around the ladder.

Abstract: Proportional solenoids have low friction bearings formed by molding a pair of annular bearings in imprecise grooves formed in armatures so that radially outer surfaces of the bearings have a precise and low friction fit within precision machined interiors of solenoid housings. The bearings can be formed on body or push rod portions of the armatures and can have different outside diameters that are formed in a single precision mold to ensure concentricity and accuracy without requiring precision machining of armature or bearing surfaces.

Abstract: A cupholder is mountable on the interior of a supermarket cart and can be mounted to the cart with a saddle that fits over the top edge of the cart wall, or mounted to a track that is bolted to the cart wall. The cupholder can be moved to different locations along the length of the wall on which it is mounted and retained in position with suitable fasteners. The cupholder can fit onto end walls, side walls, or onto a child seat in the handle area of the cart, and provides a way of holding not only cups, but also accessories, such as note pads, pens and the like.

Abstract: A cupholder that is mountable on the interior of a supermarket cart and which includes flanges that can be used for directly mounting the cupholder to the cart wall, or for slidably fitting into a track which in turn is mounted on the cart wall. The cupholder can be moved along the track to permit moving it out of the way of packages that are stacked in the cart. The cupholder can be adapted to fit onto end walls, sidewalls, or even onto the child seat in the handle area of a cart and can be made to move with folding cart walls or placed in regions left clear when empty carts are nested together so that it is out of the way when the carts are stacked. The cup holder can be supported using a hanger that fits over the upper edge of the supermarket cart wall and is then retained in place.

Abstract: A proportional solenoid has a fixed pole piece 39 and a movable armature 45, both fitted into the bore 52 of a guide tube 36 that provides the required concentricity between the fixed and movable pole pieces 39 and 45. One of the pole pieces has a cylindrical recess 56 and the other pole piece has a reduced diameter cylindrical nose 62 that is complementary to cylindrical recess 56. A radially inwardly facing frusto-conical surface 95 is formed in cylindrical nose 62 to be disposed within recess 56 of the other pole piece and provide a frusto-conical pole piece section producing a linear force-stroke curve.

Abstract: A proportional solenoid consisting of a stationary pole piece of ferromagnetic material which has a radially externally facing frusto-conical section surrounding a cylindrical recess in the stationary pole piece. Both the stationary pole piece and armature are fitted into the bore of a guide tube. Thus, the bore of the guide tube provides the required concentricity between the movable armature and the stationary pole piece. The movable armature is provided with an integral reduced diameter cylindrical nose that is complimentary to the cylindrical recess of the stationary pole piece.

Abstract: A proportional solenoid consisting of a stationary pole piece of ferromagnetic material which has a radially externally facing frusto-conical section surrounding a cylindrical recess in the stationary pole piece. Both the stationary pole piece and armature are fitted into the bore of a guide tube. Thus, the bore of the guide tube provides the required concentricity between the movable armature and the stationary pole piece. The movable armature is provided with an integral reduced diameter cylindrical nose that is complimentary to the cylindrical recess of the stationary pole piece.

Abstract: A proportional solenoid has a fixed pole piece 39 and a movable armature 45, both fitted into the bore 52 of a guide tube 36 that provides the required concentricity between the fixed and movable pole pieces 39 and 45. One of the pole pieces has a cylindrical recess 56 and the other pole piece has a reduced diameter cylindrical nose 62 that is complementary to cylindrical recess 56. A radially inwardly facing frusto-conical surface 95 is formed in cylindrical nose 62 to be disposed within recess 56 of the other pole piece and provide a frustoconical pole piece section producing a linear forcestroke curve.