Abstract: Methods are provided for cleaning and inhibiting the formation of fouling deposits on jet engine components during the combustion of turbine combustion fuel oils. Methods are also provided for inhibiting the formation and emission of soot and smoke from jet engine exhaust during turbine combustion fuel oil combustion. The methods employ a derivative of polyalkenylthiophosphonic acid added to the turbine combustion fuel oil. The preferred derivative is pentaerythritol ester of polyisobutenylthiophosphonic acid.

Abstract: Methods are provided for cleaning and inhibiting the formation of fouling deposits on jet engine components during the combustion of turbine combustion fuel oils. Methods are also provided for inhibiting the formation and emission of soot and smoke from jet engine exhaust during turbine combustion fuel oil combustion. The methods employ a derivative of polyalkenylthiophosphonic acid added to the turbine combustion fuel oil. The preferred derivative is pentaerythritol ester of polyisobutenylthio-phosphonic acid.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for cleaning and inhibiting the formation of fouling deposits on jet engine components during the combustion of turbine combustion fuel oils. Methods and compositions are also provided for inhibiting the formation and emission of soot and smoke from jet engine exhaust during turbine combustion fuel oil combustion. The methods employ a derivative of (thio)phosphonic acid added to the turbine combustion fuel oil. The preferred derivative is pentaerythritol ester of polyisobutenylthiophosphonic acid.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to methods and compositions for inhibiting polymerization of hydrocarbons during processing and storage. The methods comprise adding an effective amount of a hydroxyalkylhydroxylamine compound to the hydrocarbon sought to be treated.

Abstract: Phosphorus derivatives of polyalkenylsuccinimides and methods of use of such derivatives as antifoulants in liquid hydrocarbonaceous mediums, such as crude oil, during processing at elevated temperatures are disclosed. The derivatives are formed via reaction of a polyalkenylsuccinimide intermediate with formaldehyde and a phosphorus compound having at least one acidic hydrogen P-H bond. The intermediate is first formed via reaction of polyalkenylsuccinic anhydride and polyamine.

Abstract: Oxidative stability of gasoline mixtures is improved by adding to the gasoline a phenylenediamine compound (I) in combination with a strongly basic organoamine compound (II). The compound (II) may comprise alkyphenol-polyamine-formaldehyde Mannich reaction products, hydroxylamines, polyethylenepolyamines, and members of the group of piperazine, aminoalkyl substituted pipearazine and amino substituted alicyclic alkanes.

Abstract: Phosphorus derivatives of polyalkenylsuccinimides and methods of use of such derivatives as antifoulants in liquid hydrocarbonaceous mediums, such as crude oil, during processing at elevated temperatures are disclosed. The derivatives are formed via reaction of a polyalkenylsuccinimide intermediate with formaldehyde and a phosphorus compound having at least one acidic hydrogen P--H bond. The intermediate is first formed via reaction of polyalkenylsuccinic anhydride and polyamine.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for determining the fouling tendency of a crude petroleum oil feed, comprising the steps of:(a) mixing a selected volume of crude petroleum oil sample with a selected volume of a solvent medium,(b) agitating the resulting mixture to solubilize fouling-determining materials in the solvent medium,(c) removing a sample of the resulting solvent medium,(d) determining absorbance of the resulting solvent medium at 230-270 nm and subtracting from the absorbance that of control solvent medium to obtain corrected absorbance of the resulting solvent medium and(e) determining the fouling tendency of the crude petroleum oil sample by correlating the corrected absorbance of the resulting solvent medium with calibration data specific for the solvent medium used, the ratio of oil sample to polar solvent and the wavelength at which absorbance is determined.

Abstract: Fluid sampling apparatus employs one or more syringes having cylinder and plunger elements. A cam cooperates with a follower on one of such elements of each syringe, in response to rotation motion between the syringe and cam, to displace the follower for relatively displacing the plunger and cylinder thereby to displace fluid through an opening associated with each cylinder. Blocking structure blocks the opening when the follower is not being displaced by the cam.