Abstract: Alkanolamines intentionally incorporated with aminosilanes into surface films have been discovered to provide exceptional levels of adhesive performance when overcoated with any of a variety of paints and polymers. This invention is widely applicable to paints, including polyurethane coatings. It provides bonding to siliceous, polymeric, and other surface types. Practical methods for depositing the needed film from polar solvents are disclosed. Also disclosed is an evaluated general-purpose formulation. This appealing formulation provides cleaning and wetting on a great variety of surfaces and has balanced volatility, low toxicity, low corrosivity, long shelf life, and water miscibility and rinsability.

Abstract: This invention provides for improved sterol nucleators of ice crystals. The improvement is the use of water stable crystalline forms of the sterols. These forms advantageously provide predictable nucleation temperatures which are stable for long periods of time, especially where the water is repeatedly frozen and thawed. In commercial ice making systems, the selection of stable forms of sterols having high nucleation temperatures provide great savings in construction and energy costs.