Abstract: According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lithographic apparatus that includes a substrate carrier arranged to hold a substrate in position using an electrostatic force. The substrate carrier is provided with an integral power source. The apparatus also includes a substrate table for holding the substrate carrier.

Abstract: A device manufacturing method is disclosed that includes providing a substrate on a substrate table, the substrate having a target region comprising a plurality of generally planar surfaces, each surface having a different height relative to the substrate table, determining the relative heights of each generally planar surface, projecting a patterned beam of radiation onto the target region of the substrate such that the focal plane of the beam substantially coincides with the plane of one of the generally planar surfaces, moving the substrate table in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of the beam, and projecting the patterned beam of radiation onto the target region of the substrate such that the focal plane of the beam substantially coincides with the plane of another of the generally planar surfaces.

Abstract: A method of measuring bonding quality of a bonded substrate having an upper substrate on top of a lower substrate, the method comprising etching one or more windows in the upper substrate such that overlay measurement alignment marks on the upper substrate may be seen by a measurement system and overlay measurement alignment marks on the lower substrate may be seen by the measurement system, using the measurement system to measure the positions of the overlay measurement alignment marks, determining the distance between corresponding overlay measurement alignment marks on the upper and lower substrates, and adjusting the determined distance to take into account an offset between the overlay measurement alignment marks on the upper substrate and the overlay measurement alignment marks on the lower substrate.

Abstract: A device manufacturing method is disclosed that includes providing a substrate on a substrate table, the substrate having a target region comprising a plurality of generally planar surfaces, each surface having a different height relative to the substrate table, determining the relative heights of each generally planar surface, projecting a patterned beam of radiation onto the target region of the substrate such that the focal plane of the beam substantially coincides with the plane of one of the generally planar surfaces, moving the substrate table in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of the beam, and projecting the patterned beam of radiation onto the target region of the substrate such that the focal plane of the beam substantially coincides with the plane of another of the generally planar surfaces.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lithographic apparatus that includes a substrate carrier arranged to hold a substrate in position using an electrostatic force. The substrate carrier is provided with an integral power source. The apparatus also includes a substrate table for holding the substrate carrier.