Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an analog-to-digital converter that reduces power consumption by reducing an operating current and a semiconductor device having the same. The analog-to-digital converter includes a capacitor-resistor (C-R) hybrid digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuit including a capacitor digital-to-analog converter (CDAC) circuit including a capacitor array, and a resistor digital-to-analog converter (RDAC) circuit including a resistor string, a comparator that compares an output voltage of the C-R hybrid DAC circuit with a common mode voltage and outputs a comparison result, and a control logic circuit that controls a switch operation of the C-R hybrid DAC circuit and the comparison operation of the comparator using a driving clock with a duty cycle greater than a duty cycle of the first clock based on a system clock, and determines each bit of digital data by receiving the comparison result of the comparator.

Abstract: Disclosed are a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal generation circuit and a lamp control system including the same. The PWM signal generation circuit includes a counting circuit configured to generate a counting signal, a pulse period control circuit configured to convert the counting signal into a first analog output signal and compare the first analog output signal with a first comparison voltage to generate a first output signal, a pulse width control circuit configured to convert the counting signal into a second analog output signal and to compare the second analog output signal with a second comparison voltage to generate a second output signal, and a control logic circuit configured to determine a period of a PWM signal based on the first output signal, determine a pulse width of the PWM signal based on the second output signal, and output the PWM signal having the period and the pulse width.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material for a secondary battery includes a lithium composite transition metal oxide including nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn), wherein the lithium composite transition metal oxide has a layered crystal structure of space group R3m, includes the nickel (Ni) in an amount of 60 mol % or less based on a total amount of transition metals, includes the cobalt (Co) in an amount greater than an amount of the manganese (Mn), and is composed of single particles.

Abstract: A manufacturing apparatus of a precursor for positive electrode active material includes a reactor configured to receive a reaction solution and produce a precursor for positive electrode active material through a co-precipitation reaction of the reaction solution, a filtration unit disposed inside the reactor and configured to discharge a filtrate excluding solids in the reaction solution to the outside of the reactor when the reaction solution reaches a predetermined solution level, an extraction unit configured to extract a portion of the reaction solution when the size of a precursor particle in the reaction solution reaches a predetermined size, and a storage tank configured to receive a reaction solution extracted from the reactor through the extraction unit. A method of manufacturing and the precursor are also provided.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material is provided, including a lithium transition metal oxide containing nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn), wherein the lithium transition metal oxide has 60 mol % or more nickel (Ni) with respect the total number of moles of transition metal except lithium, and is doped with at least any one doping element selected from the group consisting of B, Zr, Mg, Ti, Sr, W, and Al. The positive electrode active material has an average particle diameter (D50) of 4 ?m to 10 ?m after rolling at a rolling density of 3.0 g/cm3 to 3.3 g/cm3 and has the form of a single particle. A method of preparing the positive electrode active material, a positive electrode including the positive electrode active material, and a lithium secondary battery are also provided.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material for a secondary battery which includes a lithium composite transition metal oxide including nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn), wherein the lithium composite transition metal oxide has a layered crystal structure of space group R3m, includes the nickel (Ni) in an amount of 60 mol % or less based on a total amount of transition metals, includes the cobalt (Co) in an amount greater than an amount of the manganese (Mn), and is composed of single particles.

Abstract: A method for analyzing an object includes measuring a first reflectivity of light from a surface and measuring a second reflectivity of light from the object, after the object is formed on the surface. A variation between the first and second reflectivities is calculated, and the variation is transformed by a predetermined transform. A thickness of the object is determined based on the transformed variation.

Abstract: A method for analyzing an object includes measuring a first reflectivity of light from a surface and measuring a second reflectivity of light from the object, after the object is formed on the surface. A variation between the first and second reflectivities is calculated, and the variation is transformed by a predetermined transform. A thickness of the object is determined based on the transformed variation.