Abstract: A separator for a rechargeable lithium battery and a rechargeable lithium battery, the separator including a porous substrate; and a coating layer on at least one surface of the porous substrate coating layer on at least one surface of the porous substrate, wherein the coating layer includes a binder resin and inorganic particles, the binder resin includes a first polymer including a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1 and a second polymer including a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 2, and a weight ratio of the first polymer and the second polymer in the binder resin is about 35:65 to about 75:25,

Abstract: A user knowledge tracking device is provided. The user knowledge tracking device use a transformer structure-based artificial intelligence model as a knowledge tracking model which is trained by inputting exercise information to an encoder thereof and inputting response information to a decoder thereof so as to predict a user's correct answer probability based on the trained knowledge tracking model.

Abstract: A multilayer capacitor includes a body including dielectric layers and internal electrodes and external electrodes disposed on an external surface of the body and connected to the internal electrodes. The body includes a first surface and a second surface to which the internal electrodes are exposed, the first surface and the second surface opposing each other in a first direction, a third surface and a fourth surface opposing each other in a second direction which is a direction in which the dielectric layers are stacked, and a fifth surface and a sixth surface opposing each other in a third direction. At least one of the internal electrodes include a first bottleneck structure having a first directional length of a third-directional outer region smaller than an inner region thereof and a second bottleneck structure having a third directional length of a first directional outer region smaller than an inner region thereof.

Abstract: A separator damage detecting apparatus detects a separator damage of a secondary battery by applying a voltage while pressing an electrode assembly having a structure in which a positive electrode plate, a separator and a negative electrode plate are stacked, to induce a temporary short circuit of a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate. The separator damage detecting apparatus includes a short circuit measuring unit configured to apply a voltage to the electrode assembly and detect a leakage current; and a pressing jig configured to roll-press at least one surface of the electrode assembly or consecutively press predetermined regions of the at least one surface of the electrode assembly.

Abstract: This application relates to a frictional electricity generator increasing output transfer efficiency. In one aspect, the frictional electricity generator includes a housing and a power generation element which is arranged in the housing and in which a + position pole and a ? position pole are arranged according to the movement of a positive charge and a negative charge by friction. The + position pole and the ? position pole of the power generation element may be arranged at a distance of a predetermined angle on a plane so as to minimize energy loss due to mutual repulsion, and may be connected to each transmission path.

Abstract: A cooling fan includes: a fan housing; a rotation shaft rotatably supported in the fan housing; a stator fixed to the fan housing; a rotor, which is provided with a magnet that is disposed with a predetermined gap away from the outer circumferential surface of the stator, and which has an impeller connected thereto; and a printed circuit board (PCB) which is installed on a lower side of the stator, and is equipped with a circuit component for controlling the cooling fan and a Hall sensor for sensing the revolutions of the rotor. In order to increase the sensing power of the Hall sensor, the magnet is formed such that the length or the width of the magnet at the lower part thereof that is adjacent to the Hall sensor is larger than that of the other parts of the magnet.

Abstract: This application relates to a memory management method for maximizing processing-in-memory (PIM) performance and reducing unnecessary DRAM access time. In one aspect, when processing a PIM instruction packet, an instruction processing unit secondarily processes a request for access to a destination address at which read and write actions of an internal memory are likely to be sequentially performed. By secondarily requesting the destination address, a row address of an open page of the internal memory may match a row address to which a PIM instruction packet processing result is written back. Also, the instruction processing unit inside the PIM maintains memory write and read addresses that have previously requested. The instruction processing unit compares the address of a packet to be processed to the maintained previous memory address and informs a memory controller about the comparison result through a page closing signal.

Abstract: This application relates to a method and apparatus for processing a new read-write-operation instruction added to an instruction set to maximize the performance of processing-in-memory (PIM). The read-write-operation instruction performs reading and writing on an operation result of the PIM by returning the operation result of the PIM to a computer system and, at the same time, writing the operation result to a destination address. An instruction processor in PIM includes a response data selector and a finite state machine to process the read-write-operation instruction. The response data selector includes a selector configured to select one of a response data signal and an operation result, and a three-phase buffer configured to allow or disallow response data. The finite state machine of the instruction processor outputs a response permission signal and a response selection signal for controlling the buffer and the selector.

Abstract: A cooling fan includes: a rotary shaft which is rotatably supported in a fan housing; a rotor which is fixed to the rotary shaft; a stator which is fixed to the fan housing, is arranged so as to be arranged at a predetermined gap away from the rotor, and includes a plurality of stacked stator cores on which a coil is wound; an impeller which is connected to the rotor; a printed circuit board (PCB) which is installed on the bottom side of the stator and controls the cooling fan; and a ground portion which is installed on the stator cores, is electrically connected to a ground pattern of the PCB and expands a ground surface. Thus, damage of circuit components due to electrostatic electricity is prevented, and EMI shielding properties are improved.

Abstract: A separator for a rechargeable lithium battery includes a porous substrate; and a coating layer on at least one surface of the porous substrate, wherein the coating layer is formed from a coating layer composition including an organosilazane compound, inorganic particles, an initiator, and a solvent, the coating layer includes a curable binder of the organosilazane compound and inorganic particles, the curable binder of the organosilazane compound includes a copolymer including a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1, a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 2, and a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 3, and a nitrogen (N) atom derived from Chemical Formula 1 is greater than about 0 at % and less than about 5 at % (atomic percent) in the coating layer, and a rechargeable lithium battery. Chemical Formula 1 to Chemical Formula 3 are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a fiber-reinforced polypropylene composite resin composition with reduced odor for interior parts of vehicles which includes an inorganic deodorant with excellent effects of reducing odors so as to improve indoor air quality, and includes a mixture of a polypropylene polymer, a thermoplastic elastomer, a fiber-shaped filler, a coupling agent, a slip agent and a UV stabilizer. Interior parts of vehicles molded from the fiber-reinforced polypropylene composite resin composition according to the present disclosure deodorize unpleasant gas generated during the production process and have excellent mechanical properties, thus providing pleasant environments for drivers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a user knowledge tracing method with more improved accuracy, and an operating method for a user knowledge tracing system including a plurality of encoder neural networks and a plurality of decoder neural networks includes: inputting exercise information to a k-th encoder neural network and inputting response information to a k-th decoder neural network; generating query data, which is information on an exercise for which a user is to predict a correct answer probability, by reflecting a weight to the response information and generating attention information to be used as a weight for the query data by reflecting the weight to the exercise information; and training the user knowledge tracing system by using the attention information as the weight for the query data.

Abstract: Provided are a stack-type stator having coil patterns patterned on a multi-layer substrate, and a motor and a blower for an air purification system using the stator. A stack-type stator includes: a multi-layer substrate having first through holes; coil patterns formed on the respective substrates of the multi-layer substrate and spirally patterned to surround the first through holes and to form a plurality of turns; a stator yoke disposed at a lower portion of the multi-layer substrate and having second through holes at positions corresponding to the first through holes; and divided cores each having one side protruding above the coil patterns formed on the uppermost layer of the multi-layer substrate and the other side being coupled to one of the second through holes through one of the first through holes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a separator, a manufacturing method therefor, and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same, the separator comprising: a porous substrate; and a porous adhesive layer formed on one surface or both surfaces of the porous substrate, wherein the porous adhesive layer comprises a nitrogen-containing binder and polyvinylidene fluoride-based polymer microparticles having an average diameter of 200 nm to 700 nm, and the total thickness of the porous adhesive layer is 1 ?m or less.

Abstract: A separator and an electrochemical battery, the separator including a porous substrate; and a porous bonding layer on one surface or both surfaces of the porous substrate, wherein the porous bonding layer includes a first polyvinylidene fluoride-based polymer, the first polyvinylidene fluoride-based polymer including a polyvinylidene fluoride-based homopolymer or a polyvinylidene fluoride-based copolymer that includes a vinylidene fluoride repeating unit and a hexafluoropropylene repeating unit, and a second polyvinylidene fluoride-based polymer, the second polyvinylidene fluoride-based polymer including a vinylidene fluoride repeating unit and a (meth)acrylate repeating unit, or a vinylidene fluoride repeating unit and a repeating unit of a monomer that includes at least one of an epoxy group, a hydroxy group, a carboxyl group, an ester group, or an acid anhydride group.

Abstract: A button-type secondary battery of the present invention comprises: a first can having a first side surface extending vertically from a circumference of a first base surface; a second can having a second side surface extending vertically from a second base surface; and a gasket disposed between the first side surface and the second side surface when the first can and the second can are coupled to each other. The second base surface has a greater diameter than the first base surface, and the first can and the second can are coupled to each other with the first side surface inserted inside the second side surface. The first and second cans are fixed together by deforming the gasket so as to extend into a vent hole punched in the second side surface of the second can. A method for manufacturing the button-type secondary battery is also provided.

Abstract: A fixing device for a secondary battery test having a seating stage on which the secondary battery to be tested is seated and which is provided as a magnetic body, a cover provided as a magnetic body to cover the secondary battery, and a magnetic force generator providing magnetic force to the seating stage and the cover is provided. When the magnetic force is transmitted from the magnetic force generator to the seating stage and the cover, attractive magnetic force is generated between the cover and the seating stage to fix the secondary battery disposed between the cover and the seating stage without moving.

Abstract: Provided are a slim-type stator using a multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) capable of maximally generating torque in an opposite rotor and capable of increasing airflow, and a single-phase motor and a cooling fan using the same. The slim-type stator includes: a multilayer PCB; and a plurality of coil patterns formed on respective PCB layers of the multilayer PCB and connected via throughholes, wherein the multilayer PCB includes at least one protrusion corresponding to the plurality of coil patterns, and at least one recess disposed between the plurality of coil patterns.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for intermediating a used bicycle trade-in between a seller and a buyer, comprising a bicycle verifying part including a non-destructive testing or NDT module for verifying inside of a frame of a bicycle provided by the seller.

Abstract: Provided are a hyperparameter optimizer and method for optimizing hyperparameters and a spiking neural network processing unit. The optimizer includes a statistical analyzer configured to receive training data and perform statistical analysis on the training data, an objective function generator configured to generate hyperparameter-specific objective functions by using a statistical analysis value of the statistical analyzer, and an optimal hyperparameter selector configured to select optimal hyperparameters according to certain rules on the basis of the hyperparameter-specific objective functions.