Abstract: A packaging substrate assembly for fabricating a packaged module can include a packaging substrate having a surface, and an array of conductive pads implemented on the surface. The assembly can further include a conductive post formed over each conductive pad, with the conductive post including a first portion having a lateral dimension formed over the conductive pad and a second portion having a lateral dimension formed over the first portion. In some embodiments, the lateral dimension of the first portion is less than the lateral dimension of the second portion. In some embodiments, a dielectric layer can be implemented over the surface to cover the conductive pads and surround the first portion of each conductive post.

Abstract: A method and apparatuses are provided to estimate, for two or more detector elements in an array of photon-counting detector elements, respective energy spectra of an X-ray beam incident on the corresponding detector elements from an X-ray source, the energy spectra being estimated by modeling X-ray attenuation as a function of X-ray energy when an X-ray beam is transmitted through a filter and set, for each detector element of the two or more detector elements, a first energy threshold of an energy range that is detected by the each detector element, the first energy threshold of the each detector element being based on the estimated energy spectra of the each detector element.

Abstract: A method and apparatuses are provided to estimate, for two or more detector elements in an array of photon-counting detector elements, respective energy spectra of an X-ray beam incident on the corresponding detector elements from an X-ray source, the energy spectra being estimated by modeling X-ray attenuation as a function of X-ray energy when an X-ray beam is transmitted through a filter and set, for each detector element of the two or more detector elements, a first energy threshold of an energy range that is detected by the each detector element, the first energy threshold of the each detector element being based on the estimated energy spectra of the each detector element.

Abstract: The present invention has disclosed an optimal control method for reactive voltage of wind power and photovoltaic power centralized grid connection in the field of wind power and photovoltaic power grid connection control technology, comprising: setting actuating stations used to control single wind power plant/photovoltaic power plant, setting substations used to control actuating stations and set master station used to control all the substations; master station calculates setting voltage reference Uref of each substation; adopting 3? method to process set voltage reference Uref to obtain set voltage reference interval; regulating high-side voltage of substation to make it fall in set voltage reference interval; if high-side voltage of substation does not fall in set voltage reference interval, then regulating the equipment in wind power plant/photovoltaic power plant via actuating station. The present invention guides the actual operations of electric power system.

Abstract: The present invention has disclosed a wind power bundling control method after wind power and thermal power are connected to a power grid in the field of electric power system security technology, including regulating wind power output and thermal power output forward or backward; calculating the transient stability margin of the grid, load level index of element and voltage out-of-limit index of busbar after regulating wind power output and thermal power output respectively; calculating wind power/thermal power paying value according to the transient stability margin of the grid, load level index of element and voltage out-of-limit index of busbar after regulating wind power output and thermal power output; if wind power/thermal power paying value is larger than set threshold value, regulating wind power output and thermal power output backward/forward; if wind power/thermal power paying value is smaller than set threshold value, regulating wind power output and thermal power output forward/backward.

Abstract: The present invention has disclosed an optimal control method for reactive voltage of wind power and photovoltaic power centralized grid connection in the field of wind power and photovoltaic power grid connection control technology, comprising: setting actuating stations used to control single wind power plant/photovoltaic power plant, setting substations used to control actuating stations and set master station used to control all the substations; master station calculates setting voltage reference Uref of each substation; adopting 3? method to process set voltage reference Uref to obtain set voltage reference interval; regulating high-side voltage of substation to make it fall in set voltage reference interval; if high-side voltage of substation does not fall in set voltage reference interval, then regulating the equipment in wind power plant/photovoltaic power plant via actuating station. The present invention guides the actual operations of electric power system.

Abstract: The present invention has disclosed a wind power bundling control method after wind power and thermal power are connected to a power grid in the field of electric power system security technology, including regulating wind power output and thermal power output forward or backward; calculating the transient stability margin of the grid, load level index of element and voltage out-of-limit index of busbar after regulating wind power output and thermal power output respectively; calculating wind power/thermal power paying value according to the transient stability margin of the grid, load level index of element and voltage out-of-limit index of busbar after regulating wind power output and thermal power output; if wind power/thermal power paying value is larger than set threshold value, regulating wind power output and thermal power output backward/forward; if wind power/thermal power paying value is smaller than set threshold value, regulating wind power output and thermal power output forward/backward.

Abstract: The present embodiments describe a method that integrates a magnetostrictive sensor with driving and detecting elements into a microfluidic chip to detect a chemical, biochemical or biomedical species. These embodiments may also measure the properties of a fluid such as viscosity, pH values. The whole system can be referred to lab-on-a-chip (LOC) or micro-total-analysis-systems (?TAS). In particular, this present embodiments include three units, including a microfluidics unit, a magnetostrictive sensor, and driving/detecting elements. An analyzer may also be provided to analyze an electrical signal associated with a feature of a target specimen.