Abstract: Described here are hand-held, low flow devices for dispensing a therapeutic gas. The devices may be configured to include a gas control assembly for delivering a defined volume of gas at a controlled pressure and flow rate. A nosepiece may be included in the device that is formed of a porous material capable of filtering the dispensed gas, and also diffusing the flow of gas as it travels through the nosepiece and into the nasal cavity. The nosepiece may be configured so that there is substantially no restriction of flow therethrough. Methods for treating various medical conditions and delivering therapeutic gases to the nasal mucosa using hand-held, low flow gas dispenser devices are also described.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods, and kits for treating symptoms associated with common ailments, such as headaches, rhinitis, asthma, epilepsy, nervous disorders and the like, are provided. The apparatus comprises dispensers for carbon dioxide and other therapeutic gases. The methods comprise delivering small volumes of these gases to patients in a manner where the gas infuses into a body region in order to bathe the mucous membranes therein. It has been found that even very short exposure of patients to small volumes and high concentrations of such gases can provide significant relief from symptoms.

Abstract: Apparatuses are described to accurately determine a gas concentration of a sample of a patient's breath. The apparatuses may include a sample compartment, a breath speed analyzer, a gas analyzer, and a processor. The sample compartment includes an inlet that receives the breath. The breath speed analyzer determines the speed of a portion of the breath. The gas analyzer determines a gas concentration. The processor includes an algorithm that determines a degree of non-homogeneity of the sample based on the speed, and a corrected gas concentration based on the degree of non-homogeneity. In some variations, the gas correction is determined independently of patient cooperation. Apparatuses may be tuned based on the intended population's expected breathing pattern ranges such that the sample compartment is filled with a homogenous end-tidal gas sample regardless of an individual's breathing pattern. These apparatuses are useful, for example, for end-tidal CO analysis. Methods are also described.