Abstract: Methods for producing ascorbic acid using recombinant means comprising the transfer of genetic material by conjugation, a host cell lacking, entirely or to such an extent as not to be commercially useful, one or more enzymes in the metabolic path converting glucose to 2 keto-L-gulonic acid.

Abstract: A creature book includes a back cover and a front cover. The back cover has inner and outer superposed panels of material which are fastened to each other and which have coextensive peripheries. The front cover also has inner and outer superposed panels of material which are fastened to each other and have coextensive peripheries. A layer of soft material is held between the inner and outer panels of the front cover. A creature representation is provided on the front cover outer panel. The creature representation includes a plurality of limbs with at least two of the limbs extending outwardly away from the coextensive peripheries of the inner and outer panels of the front cover. Indicia are provided on at least one of the inner and outer superposed panels of the front and back covers. A binding is disposed along an edge of each of the front and back covers for securing them together.