Abstract: Biogenic silica is produced by combusting a biogenic source material such as rice hulls to give rich hull ash (RHA), and the combusted biogenic silica may be subsequently treated to improve the filtration or adsorption properties thereof e.g. by changing the surface charge, the surface tension, the surface area, the average pore size, the pore size distribution, particle size distribution, and/or the permeability thereof. Such biogenic silica is useful to remove a species, such as an impurity, from a fluid to purify the fluid and/or to recover the species therefrom. RHA may be used to remove species including organic, inorganic or microbial particulates, surfactants, metal ions, non-metallic anions, organic compounds, color bodies, odor-producing species, chlorinated compound, pigment, free fatty acids, phospholipids, peroxides, oil and/or grease different from the non-aqueous fluid, algae, bacteria, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Biogenic silica is produced by combusting a biogenic source material such as rice hulls to give rich hull ash (RHA), and the combusted biogenic silica may be subsequently treated to improve the filtration or adsorption properties thereof e.g. by changing the surface charge, the surface tension, the surface area, the average pore size, the pore size distribution, particle size distribution, and/or the permeability thereof. Such biogenic silica is useful to remove a species, such as an impurity, from a fluid to purify the fluid and/or to recover the species therefrom. RHA may be used to remove species including organic, inorganic or microbial particulates, surfactants, metal ions, non-metallic anions, organic compounds, color bodies, odor-producing species, chlorinated compound, pigment, free fatty acids, phospholipids, peroxides, oil and/or grease different from the non-aqueous fluid, algae, bacteria, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for heating the LCD display of an electronic device and especially a small electronic device as for example a laptop computer. The system consists of a heat spreader plate attached to a back surface of the LCD. A heat absorption plate is used to absorb heat generated by the electronic components of the electronic device. A heat transfer conduit is used to transfer the heat from the heat absorption plate to the heat spreader plate where the heat is dissipated to the LCD display. The method requires the absorption of heat generated by the electronic device and the transfer of such heat to the LCD display.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for use in connection with engine cooling systems is disclosed herein. The heat exchanger is typically considered a heat exchanger and comprises a plurality of rows of tubes, a pair of headers secured to the ends of the tubes in a mechanical and brazed joint for providing improved vibration and torsional stress resistance and improved durability. More specifically, the tube include a plurality of dimples or tabulators arranged in opposed or non opposed relation agitate the fluid about the primary heat transfer axis to facilitate heat transfer from the hot fluid to the tube wall.