Abstract: There is provided a method of coating a substrate comprising at least one chemical group, by contacting the substrate surface with a compound comprising at least one carbon-carbon double bond or a mixture of a first monomer M1 and a second monomer M2. Then a reaction is initiated to form a covalent bond by reaction of the photoactive groups and the carbon-carbon double bond, by subjecting at least a part of the formed complexes to actinic radiation, wherein the wavelength of the actinic radiation is adapted to be absorbed by the photoactive group. The method is to a large extent resistant to inhibition of impurities in the substrate surface. A greater uniformity of the elastic modulus throughout the substrate and the added layers can be achieved. When a further topcoat is added resulting surface has a high hardness, and the scratch resistance is improved. When a topsheet is applied the abrasion resistance is improved.

Abstract: There is provided a method of coating a substrate comprising applying a first mixture where the first mixture reacts to form covalent bonds to the substrate surface and where the unreacted parts of the first mixture undergo diffusive mixing with a second layer, which is applied on top of the first mixture. This avoids creation of a weak layer, which may otherwise give lower adhesion. The adhesion as well as mechanical properties including the scratch resistance are improved.

Abstract: A method for making three dimensional structures using photolithography and an adhesively bondable material is disclosed. A thiol-ene-epoxy (OSTE(?)) material undergoes a first reaction upon partial irradiation in a pattern to become a partially cross-linked polymer network. Non-cross-linked parts are dissolved in a solvent and removed. An initiator is added to activate the cross-linked polymer network so that it becomes adhesive and can then be covalently bound to another object to form an article. The method can be utilized to manufacture an article with a complicated three dimensional shape in an easy way.

Abstract: There is provided a method of coating a substrate comprising at least one secondary amine, by contacting the substrate surface with a compound comprising at least one carbon-carbon double bond, wherein an electron withdrawing group is on at least one side of the carbon-carbon double bond, so that a complex is formed between nitrogen in the secondary amine and the carbon-carbon double bond. Then a reaction is initiated to form a covalent bond by reaction of nitrogen in the secondary amine and the carbon-carbon double bond, by subjecting at least a part of the formed complexes to actinic radiation, wherein the wavelength of the actinic radiation is adapted to be absorbed by the complex. When a further top-coat is added, the resulting surface has a high hardness, and the scratch resistance is improved.

Abstract: There is provided a method of coating a substrate comprising at least one secondary amine, by contacting the substrate surface with a compound comprising at least one carbon-carbon double bond, wherein an electron withdrawing group is on at least one side of the carbon-carbon double bond, so that a complex is formed between nitrogen in the secondary amine and the carbon-carbon double bond. Then a reaction is initiated to form a covalent bond by reaction of nitrogen in the secondary amine and the carbon-carbon double bond, by subjecting at least a part of the formed complexes to actinic radiation, wherein the wavelength of the actinic radiation is adapted to be absorbed by the complex. When a further top-coat is added, the resulting surface has a high hardness, and the scratch resistance is improved.

Abstract: A method for making three dimensional structures using photolithography and an adhesively bondable material is disclosed. A thiol-ene-epoxy (OSTE(?)) material undergoes a first reaction upon partial irradiation in a pattern to become a partially cross-linked polymer network. Non-cross-linked parts are dissolved in a solvent and removed. An initiator is added to activate the cross-linked polymer network so that it becomes adhesive and can then be covalently bound to another object to form an article. The method can be utilized to manufacture an article with a complicated three dimensional shape in an easy way.

Abstract: An object with a coating comprising: a) covalent bonds formed by reaction of a thiol group and a carbon-carbon double bond, b) covalent bonds formed by reaction of a thiol group and epoxide group, c) covalent bonds formed by a reaction of a carbon-carbon double bond and an epoxide group, said coating comprising a first primer coating and a second coating, said coating comprising covalent bonds between said first and second coatings, said first primer coating comprising covalent cross links between compounds, in the first coating the fraction (r3=ta/tc) of unreacted thiol groups (ta) to thiol groups which have reacted to form a covalent bond (tc) does not exceed 0.11, wherein the half height peak width of tan delta does not exceed 30° C. Advantages of the dual cure composition is that excellent strength is obtained and that the second curing is slow compared to the first initial curing.

Abstract: An object with a coating comprising: a) covalent bonds formed by reaction of a thiol group and a carbon-carbon double bond, b) covalent bonds formed by reaction of a thiol group and epoxide group, c) covalent bonds formed by a reaction of a carbon-carbon double bond and an epoxide group, said coating comprising a first primer coating and a second coating, said coating comprising covalent bonds between said first and second coatings, said first primer coating comprising covalent cross links between compounds, in the first coating the fraction (r3=ta/tc) of unreacted thiol groups (ta) to thiol groups which have reacted to form a covalent bond (tc) does not exceed 0.11, wherein the half height peak width of tan delta does not exceed 30° C. Advantages of the dual cure composition is that excellent strength is obtained and that the second curing is slow compared to the first initial curing.

Abstract: An object with a coating comprising: a) covalent bonds formed by reaction of a thiol group and a carbon-carbon double bond, b) covalent bonds formed by reaction of a thiol group and epoxide group, c) covalent bonds formed by a reaction of a carbon-carbon double bond and an epoxide group, said coating comprising a first primer coating and a second coating, said coating comprising covalent bonds between said first and second coatings, said first primer coating comprising covalent cross links between compounds, in the first coating the fraction (r3=ta/tc) of unreacted thiol groups (ta) to thiol groups which have reacted to form a covalent bond (tc) does not exceed 0.11, wherein the half height peak width of tan delta does not exceed 30° C. Advantages of the dual cure composition is that excellent strength is obtained and that the second curing is slow compared to the first initial curing.

Abstract: An object with a coating comprising: a) covalent bonds formed by reaction of a thiol group and a carbon-carbon double bond, b) covalent bonds formed by reaction of a thiol group and epoxide group, c) covalent bonds formed by a reaction of a carbon-carbon double bond and an epoxide group, said coating comprising a first primer coating and a second coating, said coating comprising covalent bonds between said first and second coatings, said first primer coating comprising covalent cross links between compounds, in the first coating the fraction (r3=ta/tc) of unreacted thiol groups (ta) to thiol groups which have reacted to form a covalent bond (tc) does not exceed 0.11, wherein the half height peak width of tan delta does not exceed 30° C. Advantages of the dual cure composition is that excellent strength is obtained and that the second curing is slow compared to the first initial curing.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of articles of thiol-ene polymers comprises the steps: a) reacting a compound comprising at least two thiol groups and a compound comprising at least two carbon-carbon double bonds, in off stochiometry ratios to obtain a first intermediate article, wherein said first intermediate article comprises at least one unreacted group selected from an unreacted thiol group and an unreacted carbon-carbon double bond, and b) contacting said first intermediate article with a second article, wherein the surface of said second article at least partially comprises reactive groups and reacting at least a part of said unreacted groups on said first intermediate article with chemical groups on said second article to obtain covalent bonds and forming a final article.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of articles of thiol-ene polymers comprises the steps: a) reacting a compound comprising at least two thiol groups and a compound comprising at least two carbon-carbon double bonds, in off stochiometry ratios to obtain a first intermediate article, wherein said first intermediate article comprises at least one unreacted group selected from an unreacted thiol group and an unreacted carbon-carbon double bond, and b) contacting said first intermediate article with a second article, wherein the surface of said second article at least partially comprises reactive groups and reacting at least a part of said unreacted groups on said first intermediate article with chemical groups on said second article to obtain covalent bonds and forming a final article.