Abstract: An optical modulator device using three-terminal driver interface. The modulator device can include a driver circuit, three transmission lines, a pair of diodes, and a diode termination resistor. This device can have the diode termination resistor coupled to the first and third transmission lines. The three transmission lines can be coupled to the two diodes. The first diode can be coupled to the first and second transmission line and the second diode can be coupled to the second and third transmission lines. The second transmission line presents a relatively low impedance to the asymmetric current that reduces the current to levels that do not degrade the optical waveforms at either diode. The impedance appears in parallel with the high-frequency low-impedance synthesized by the differential drive interacting with the symmetric components of the diode load. This configuration results in a fast, well-controlled transient response.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to electrical circuits. More specifically, an embodiment of the present invention provides a differential amplifier in cascode configuration. An input transistor is coupled to an output transistor via a peaking inductor. The output transistor is also directly coupled to a degeneration resistor. There are other embodiments as well.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to electrical circuits. More specifically, an embodiment of the present invention provides a differential amplifier in cascode configuration. An input transistor is coupled to an output transistor via a peaking inductor. The output transistor is also directly coupled to a degeneration resistor. There are other embodiments as well.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to electrical circuits. More specifically, an embodiment of the present invention provides a differential amplifier in cascode configuration. An input transistor is coupled to an output transistor via a peaking inductor. The output transistor is also directly coupled to a degeneration resistor. There are other embodiments as well.

Abstract: A driver circuit device using driver equalization in power and ground terminated transmission line channels. The driver circuit device can include a weaker pull-up driver, which is needed to pre-emphasize the pull-up signal for driver equalization in power terminated transmission line channels. The driver circuit device can also include a weaker pull-down driver, which is needed to pre-emphasize the pull-down signal for driver equalization in ground terminated transmission line channels. In the transmission line channels with power terminations, a weaker pull-up Ron is implemented. In the transmission line channels with ground terminations, a weaker pull-down Ron is implemented. Drivers implemented in power and/or ground terminated transmission line channels can be used to improve device performance, such as in signal eye opening.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a detailed description of techniques for implementing a linear amplifier with extended linear output range. More specifically, the present disclosure discloses techniques for extending the output signal range of a linear amplifier with a minimum increase in power consumption and die area consumption. Some embodiments facilitate coupling boost amplifiers with adjustable independent biasing to a main amplifier to boost the output signal near the non-linear regions of the transfer curve to extend the linear range. Certain embodiments comprise a first boost amplifier biased to contribute to the output signal when the input signal is near a negative threshold voltage, and a second boost amplifier biased to contribute to the output signal when the input signal is near a positive threshold voltage. In certain embodiments, the threshold voltages and/or the bias currents can be controlled to adjust certain amplifier attributes.

Abstract: An optical modulator device directly-coupled to a driver circuit device. The optical modulator device can include a transmission line electrically coupled to an internal VDD, a first electrode electrically coupled to the transmission line, a second electrode electrically coupled to the first electrode and the transmission line. A wave guide can be operably coupled to the first and second electrodes, and a driver circuit device can be directly coupled to the transmission line and the first and second electrodes. This optical modulator and the driver circuit device can be configured without back termination.

Abstract: A driver circuit device using driver equalization in power and ground terminated transmission line channels. The driver circuit device can include a weaker pull-up driver, which is needed to pre-emphasize the pull-up signal for driver equalization in power terminated transmission line channels. The driver circuit device can also include a weaker pull-down driver, which is needed to pre-emphasize the pull-down signal for driver equalization in ground terminated transmission line channels. In the transmission line channels with power terminations, a weaker pull-up Ron is implemented. In the transmission line channels with ground terminations, a weaker pull-down Ron is implemented. Drivers implemented in power and/or ground terminated transmission line channels can be used to improve device performance, such as in signal eye opening.

Abstract: A driver circuit device using driver equalization in power and ground terminated transmission line channels. The driver circuit device can include a weaker pull-up driver, which is needed to pre-emphasize the pull-up signal for driver equalization in power terminated transmission line channels. The driver circuit device can also include a weaker pull-down driver, which is needed to pre-emphasize the pull-down signal for driver equalization in ground terminated transmission line channels. In the transmission line channels with power terminations, a weaker pull-up Ron is implemented. In the transmission line channels with ground terminations, a weaker pull-down Ron is implemented. Drivers implemented in power and/or ground terminated transmission line channels can be used to improve device performance, such as in signal eye opening.

Abstract: An optical modulator device directly-coupled to a driver circuit device. The optical modulator device can include a transmission line electrically coupled to an internal VDD, a first electrode electrically coupled to the transmission line, a second electrode electrically coupled to the first electrode and the transmission line. A wave guide can be operably coupled to the first and second electrodes, and a driver circuit device can be directly coupled to the transmission line and the first and second electrodes. This optical modulator and the driver circuit device can be configured without back termination.

Abstract: An optical modulator device directly-coupled to a driver circuit device. The optical modulator device can include a transmission line electrically coupled to an internal VDD, a first electrode electrically coupled to the transmission line, a second electrode electrically coupled to the first electrode and the transmission line. A wave guide can be operably coupled to the first and second electrodes, and a driver circuit device can be directly coupled to the transmission line and the first and second electrodes. This optical modulator and the driver circuit device can be configured without back termination.

Abstract: An optical modulator device directly-coupled to a driver circuit device. The optical modulator device can include a transmission line electrically coupled to an internal VDD, a first electrode electrically coupled to the transmission line, a second electrode electrically coupled to the first electrode and the transmission line. A wave guide can be operably coupled to the first and second electrodes, and a driver circuit device can be directly coupled to the transmission line and the first and second electrodes. This optical modulator and the driver circuit device can be configured without back termination.

Abstract: An optical modulator device directly-coupled to a driver circuit device. The optical modulator device can include a transmission line electrically coupled to an internal VDD, a first electrode electrically coupled to the transmission line, a second electrode electrically coupled to the first electrode and the transmission line. A wave guide can be operably coupled to the first and second electrodes, and a driver circuit device can be directly coupled to the transmission line and the first and second electrodes. This optical modulator and the driver circuit device can be configured without back termination.

Abstract: A clock driver integrated circuit device and method is provided. The device can include a VTT regulator provided on a single integrated circuit (IC) chip. A first termination at an internal VDD/2 can be coupled to the VTT regulator. A VTT bus can be coupled to the first termination. A plurality of command control inputs can be coupled to the VTT bus. The plurality of command inputs can include A, BA, RAS, CAS, WE, CS, CKE, ODT, PARIN, and the like. A VDD termination can be coupled to a first end of the VTT bus and a ground can be coupled to a second end of the VTT bus. The method can include regulating or removing signal noise from a host controller via the clock driver IC device.

Abstract: A bandpass filter includes a plurality of resonators. An input pin is connected to a first resonator of the plurality of resonators. An output pin is connected to a second resonator of the plurality of resonators. The first and second resonators are magnetically coupled to each other. The first and second resonators are coupled to other resonators using mixed coupling. The other resonators are coupled to each other using electric coupling.

Abstract: An output buffer for driving a capacitively-terminated transmission line produces a waveform which comprises a first portion during which the waveform transitions from a voltage V1 to a voltage V2; a second portion during which it remains fixed at V2; a third portion during which it transitions to a voltage V3; and a fourth portion during which it remains fixed at V3. The waveform is created within a unit interval whenever successive data bits transition between logic states. The first and second portions are generated with circuitry arranged such that V2 is maximized by reducing the buffer's output impedance. The fourth portion is generated with circuitry which has a non-zero output impedance preferably equal to the transmission line's characteristic impedance, to absorb transitions reflected back to the source circuitry by the capacitive termination.

Abstract: A fast, high-swing driver circuit for driving an electro-optical modulator includes an output stage comprising first and second transistors arranged as a differential pair. The collector of the first transistor is coupled to ground, and its base provides the stage's input. The collector of the second transistor is coupled via an impedance to a supply voltage, and provides the stage's output. A reference voltage is provided to the second transistor's base, which is also AC-coupled to ground. A bias generator provides the second transistor's base voltage, and a second differential pair converts a differential input signal to a single-ended output that drives the output stage's input—preferably via a pair of cascaded emitter-follower stages that serve to present a low impedance. A complete electro-optical modulator driver is formed with the addition of a bias-T network at the output stage's output.

Abstract: A printed bandpass filter is mounted on a precision substrate to eliminate the need for post-fabrication tuning. The filter input is capacitively coupled to a series of quarter wavelength resonators and the filter output. The quarter wavelength resonators are printed as spirals to reduce filter size. The resonators define the bandpass characteristics of the filter. The filter also weakly couples the input signal to the filter output in a manner to cancel the signal image. Mechanical clips mitigate thermal stress on solder connections when the precision substrate is mounted on a second printed circuit board.

Abstract: The invention is a balun transformer that converts a single-ended (or unbalanced) signal to a differential (or balanced) signal. The balun is a printed metal pattern on a circuit board in conjunction with several low cost chip capacitors and a low cost chip inductor. The balun transformer is a modified Marchand balun that is implemented using printed transmission lines. The balun has a plurality of coupled transmission lines to improve tolerances to variations in PC board fabrication. To make the balun compact, it is electrically lengthened through the use of capacitive loading, which reduces the required physical size. Additionally, the capacitors increase the bandwidth due to the resonant interaction between the short inductive balun and the capacitors that are placed in series with the input and the output.

Abstract: A bipolar transistor-based linearizer with programmable gain and phase response apparatus uses a splitter to separate an incoming RF signal into two equal components: in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q, ninety degrees delayed). The I signal then passes through a first bipolar variable gain amplifier (VGA) while the Q signal passes through a second bipolar VGA. After passing through the first and second VGAs, the amplified signals are combined at the output using a summer to produce a predistorted signal that drives a TWTA. The gains of each VGA are controlled using an RF power detector in conjunction with a bipolar gain/phase slope controller. Each gain can be adjusted separately to product a large range of linearization characteristics.