Abstract: Methods of embedding an elongate susceptor within a thermoplastic body and systems that perform the methods are disclosed herein. The methods include extending the elongate susceptor such that an extended portion of the elongate susceptor extends between a guide structure and a body-contacting structure. The methods also include heating a segment of the elongate susceptor to produce a heated portion of the elongate susceptor. The methods further include pressing a leading region of the heated portion of the elongate susceptor through a body surface of the thermoplastic body and into the thermoplastic body. The methods also include operatively translating at least one of the guide structure, the body-contacting structure, and an application tool that includes the guide structure and the body-contacting structure along an embedment pathway for the elongate susceptor.

Abstract: Methods of embedding an elongate susceptor within a thermoplastic body and systems that perform the methods are disclosed herein. The methods include extending the elongate susceptor such that an extended portion of the elongate susceptor extends between a guide structure and a body-contacting structure. The methods also include heating a segment of the elongate susceptor to produce a heated portion of the elongate susceptor. The methods further include pressing a leading region of the heated portion of the elongate susceptor through a body surface of the thermoplastic body and into the thermoplastic body. The methods also include operatively translating at least one of the guide structure, the body-contacting structure, and an application tool that includes the guide structure and the body-contacting structure along an embedment pathway for the elongate susceptor.

Abstract: A method for placing electrical conductors interior to a composite structure prior to curing. A laminate stack is formed by assembling one or more composite layers, wherein the composite layers are pre-impregnated with a resin. One or more electrical conductors are placed on at least one of the composite layers prior to curing the laminate stack. One or more electrical insulators is optionally placed in proximity to one or more of the electrical conductors in at least one of the composite layers prior to curing the laminate stack. The laminate stack, including the composite layers, the electrical conductors, and the electrical insulators, is then cured to create the composite structure.

Abstract: A method for promoting electrical conduction between metallic components and composite materials. A composite body is coated with an adhering layer comprising a conductive material, and a metallic component is electrically connected to the conductive material of the adhering layer, when the metallic component is coupled to the composite body. The adhering layer is deposited inside a hole in the composite body, and/or along an edge of the hole, and/or on at least a portion of a surface of the composite body. The composite body is a structure of an aircraft or other vehicle comprised of composite materials formed from carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs), the metallic component is a fastener or is positioned at an interface between the fastener and the composite body, and the electrical connection is made as part of a lightning protection system, an electromagnetic effects (EME) management system, or grounding system.

Abstract: A method for placing electrical conductors interior to a composite structure prior to curing. A laminate stack is formed by assembling one or more composite layers, wherein the composite layers are pre-impregnated with a resin. One or more electrical conductors are placed on at least one of the composite layers prior to curing the laminate stack. One or more electrical insulators is optionally placed in proximity to one or more of the electrical conductors in at least one of the composite layers prior to curing the laminate stack. The laminate stack, including the composite layers, the electrical conductors, and the electrical insulators, is then cured to create the composite structure.

Abstract: A method for promoting electrical conduction between metallic components and composite materials. A composite body is coated with an adhering layer comprising a conductive material, and a metallic component is electrically connected to the conductive material of the adhering layer, when the metallic component is coupled to the composite body. The adhering layer is deposited inside a hole in the composite body, and/or along an edge of the hole, and/or on at least a portion of a surface of the composite body. The composite body is a structure of an aircraft or other vehicle comprised of composite materials formed from carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs), the metallic component is a fastener or is positioned at an interface between the fastener and the composite body, and the electrical connection is made as part of a lightning protection system, an electromagnetic effects (EME) management system, or grounding system.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses for triggering electrical arcs are disclosed. Such arcs are useful for testing combustible fluids and equipment operating near ignition hazards. Arcs may be produced with a defined energy at a defined time with little variation in arc energy. Consistent production of arcs is facilitated by one or more of conditioned electrodes, control and/or reduction of parasitic capacitance, avoidance of corona sources, and non-interfering arc triggers. Electrodes may be conditioned by repeated application of conditioning arcs. Conditioned electrodes have relatively physically consistent and chemically consistent tips. Arc triggers may be charged particle sources such as light sources operating in cooperation with a target to produce free electrons proximate the electrodes.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses for triggering electrical arcs are disclosed. Such arcs are useful for testing combustible fluids and equipment operating near ignition hazards. In some embodiments, arcs are produced with a defined energy at a defined time with little variation in arc energy. Consistent production of arcs is facilitated by one or more of conditioned electrodes, control and/or reduction of parasitic capacitance, avoidance of corona sources, and non-interfering arc triggers. In some embodiments, electrodes are conditioned by repeated application of conditioning arcs. Conditioned electrodes have relatively physically consistent and chemically consistent tips. In some embodiments, arc triggers are charged particle sources such as light sources operating in cooperation with a target to produce free electrons proximate the electrodes.