Abstract: An underwater positioning system provides position information for a rover, moveable within a reference frame. The system may comprise: at least one beacon having a light source, located at a fixed position within the reference frame; an underwater imaging device, moveable with the rover in the reference frame to observe the light source from different viewpoints and determine direction data representing a direction or change in direction of the light source with respect to the imaging device; an orientation sensor, associated with the imaging device to determine an orientation of the imaging device with respect to the reference frame and generate orientation data; and a scaling element for providing scaling data representative of a distance between the imaging device and the light source. Various different beacons may be provided. In alternative system implementations, the locations of light source(s) and underwater imaging device are reversed between rover and beacon(s).

Abstract: The present document describes a method of hauling an equipment unit from the water onto a carrier. The carrier comprises a hauling ramp, which is arranged for being extended from a loading area into the water. The carrier further includes a first winch, and a suspension structure arranged for being extended outside the carrier over the water and over the hauling ramp. The suspension structure comprises a second winch. The method comprising the steps of: releasing, by the equipment unit, a hauling buoy. The hauling buoy is connected to a tow line extending from the equipment unit, and to a lift line extending from a lifting point on the unit. The method comprises a further step of recovering the hauling buoy from the water, connecting the tow line to the first winch and connecting the lift line to the second winch. Then, the equipment unit is hauled by towing it onto the hauling ramp using the first winch, while simultaneously guiding the equipment unit using the second winch.

Abstract: X-band and P-band synthetic aperture radars are used to simultaneously gather swaths of reflected radar data over a specific area simultaneously. The P-band is used to penetrate surface clutter that may be on the top of an ice formation as well as to penetrate an ice mass. X-band is used to map surface clutter on the top of an ice formation as well as to map the top of snow that may appear on an ice formation. Digital elevation maps of the top of the snow or ice clutter, the top of the ice, and the bottom of the ice and or ice thickness are constructed. By summing these various digital elevation maps a measurement of the thickness of sea ice can be determined. Further analysis of DEM, MAG and CRV layers provides an indication of the quality of the ice, for example cracks and pressure ridges, and its weak points.

Abstract: An underwater positioning system provides position information for a rover, moveable within a reference frame. The system may comprise: at least one beacon having a light source, located at a fixed position within the reference frame; an underwater imaging device, moveable with the rover in the reference frame to observe the light source from different viewpoints and determine direction data representing a direction or change in direction of the light source with respect to the imaging device; an orientation sensor, associated with the imaging device to determine an orientation of the imaging device with respect to the reference frame and generate orientation data; and a scaling element for providing scaling data representative of a distance between the imaging device and the light source. Various different beacons may be provided. In alternative system implementations, the locations of light source(s) and underwater imaging device are reversed between rover and beacon(s).

Abstract: Airborne gravity measurements may be added to the collection of airborne LiDAR so that it may be used to produce a digital elevation model (DEM), which may be used along with gravity data to produce an improved geoid, which may be used to produce an improved DEM based on the improved orthometric heights. A computing device may be configured to receive airborne navigation, gravity and LiDAR data, generate position information based on the navigation data, generate gravity field information based on the gravity data and the position information, generate orthometric height information based on the LiDAR data and the position information, and generate a geoid based on the gravity field and orthometric height information. The computing device may also generate a geoid model based on the gravity field and an existing DEM, and generate the orthometric height information based on the LiDAR data, position information, and geoid model.

Abstract: Airborne gravity measurements may be added to the collection of airborne LiDAR so that it may be used to produce a digital elevation model (DEM), which may be used along with gravity data to produce an improved geoid, which may be used to produce an improved DEM based on the improved orthometric heights. A computing device may be configured to receive airborne navigation, gravity and LiDAR data, generate position information based on the navigation data, generate gravity field information based on the gravity data and the position information, generate orthometric height information based on the LiDAR data and the position information, and generate a geoid based on the gravity field and orthometric height information. The computing device may also generate a geoid model based on the gravity field and an existing DEM, and generate the orthometric height information based on the LiDAR data, position information, and geoid model.

Abstract: X-band and P-band synthetic aperture radars are used to simultaneously gather swaths of reflected radar data over a specific area simultaneously. The P-band is used to penetrate surface clutter that may be on the top of an ice formation as well as to penetrate an ice mass. X-band is used to map surface clutter on the top of an ice formation as well as to map the top of snow that may appear on an ice formation. Digital elevation maps of the top of the snow or ice clutter, the top of the ice, and the bottom of the ice and or ice thickness are constructed. By summing these various digital elevation maps a measurement of the thickness of sea ice can be determined. Further analysis of DEM, MAG and CRV layers provides an indication of the quality of the ice, for example cracks and pressure ridges, and its weak points.