Abstract: Nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic (poly)peroxycarbonxylic acids having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a straight or branched alkyl, (hetero)cycloalkyl, (hetero)aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl group, wherein said groups are optionally substituted, or a carboxylic group or any other substituents non-reactive in the presence of the active oxygen of the peroxycarboxylic group;n is a number selected from 0 and 1;m is a number selected from 1, 2 and 3, andX represents an acidic anion selected from HSO.sub.4.sup.- and CH.sub.3 SO.sub.3.sup.-, and wherein the pyridinic ring may in its turn be condensed with at least one further (hetero) aromatic or (hetero)cycloalkylic ring;to their preparation process and to their use as bleaching agents.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2-carboxpyrazine 4-oxides having the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, which may be the same or different, represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, by oxidation of the corresponding 2-carboxypyrazines. The 2-carboxypyrazines are reacted under stirring with an aqueous solution of H.sub.2 O.sub.2, at a pH ranging between 0.5 and 5, in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of tungstic acid, a isopolytungstic acid, a heteropolytungstic acid, molybdic acid, an isopolymolybidic acid, a heteropolymolybdic acid, and an alkali metal salt thereof.

Abstract: A process for preparing L(-)-carnitine chloride having the formula: ##STR1## comprising the steps of: (a) reacting a racemic ester of (R,S)-3,4-epoxybutyric acid having the formula: ##STR2## wherein R is an alkyl group having from 1-10 carbons, or a benzyl group, with an enzyme capable of selectively hydrolyzing enantiomer S(-),(b) separating said enantiomer S(-), from non-reacted ester, which is predominantly in the R(+) form;(c) reacting (1) the non-reacted ester obtained in step (b) with trimethylamine hydrochlorid or (2) the trimethylamine, to obtain thereby an ester having the formula: ##STR3## (d) hydrolyzing the ester obtain in step (c) in the presence of HCl to obtain thereby the L(-)-carnitine chloride having formula (I).The present invention is also directed to a novel class of compounds comprising R(+) enantiomers of the esters of 3,4-epoxybutyric acid.

Abstract: Method for the preparation of ketones, by means of oxydation of the corresponding secondary alcohols, characterized in that said alcohols are catalytically oxidized by H.sub.2 O.sub.2 inside a two-phase system comprising:(a) an aqueous phase, containing hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent;(b) an organic phase, containing a secondary alcohol and optionally a solvent immiscible with said aqueous phase, as well as a peroxidic catalyst having the general formula Q.sub.3 XW.sub.4 O.sub.24, wherein X represents an atom of phosphorus or of arsenic and wherein Q represents a quaternary cation, containing hydrocarbon groups having a total of from 20 to 70 C atoms.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of phenylpropanones having formula: ##STR1## R and R.sub.1, equal or different, being C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl groups or being coincident in the CH.sub.2 group of a heterocyclic ring, wherein the corresponding allylbenzenes are catalytically epoxidized by means of H.sub.2 O.sub.2, in a biphase system comprising an aqueous phase containing H.sub.2 O.sub.2 and an organic phase containing said allylbenzenes, a solvent immiscible with said aqueous phase and a catalyst having formula Q.sub.3 XW.sub.4 O.sub.24 (Q being a quaternary cation containing hydrocarbylic groups having on the whole from 20 to 70 C atoms, and X being P or As) and wherein the thus obtained epoxides are isomerized by heating at 90.degree.-150.degree. C., in the presence of catalytic amounts of LiI.

Abstract: There is described a process for preparing alkyl esters of methyltartronic acid by hydroxylation of methacrylic acid to alpha-methylglyceric acid with H.sub.2 O.sub.2, in an aqueous medium, in the presence of H.sub.2 WO.sub.4 and optionally of H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 or H.sub.3 AsO.sub.4 or alkaline salts thereof as catalysts, at pH<2 and at temperatures of from 50.degree. to 100.degree. C., by subsequent oxidation of alpha-methylglyceric acid to methyltartronic acid with HNO.sub.3 in excess or with O.sub.2, in an aqueous-alkaline medium, in the presence of Pd or Pt carried on carbon or oxides thereof as catalysts, at temperatures of 60.degree.-100.degree. C., and final esterification of methyltartronic acid with alcohols C.sub.1 -C.sub.4.

Abstract: Compositions of formula (I):Q.sub.3 XW.sub.4 O.sub.24-2n (I)wherein:Q represents a cation of an "onium" salt;X is either a P or an As atom; whilen is 0, 1 or 2.The preparative method consists in reacting an oxygenated tungsten (VI) derivative, an oxygenated P (V) or As (V) derivative, and hydrogen peroxide, in an aqueous acid phase, with and "onium" salt or a precursor thereof, if desired contained in an organic phase immiscible with the aqueous phase, at substantially room temperature. The oxygenated compounds of W (VI), P (V) or As (V) may be prepared "in situ" under the conditions of the reaction.Compositions (I), which appear as solids or as viscous oils, find use as oxidizing agents in general in oxidation processes, and especially as epoxidation catalysts for olefinic compounds, both in a homogeneous phase as well as in a heterogeneous phase, and preferably according to the phase-transfer technique, in the presence of oxidizing agents.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of water-soluble vicinal diols by means of a direct catalytic hydroxylation of the corresponding olefines with H.sub.2 O.sub.2. An olefine possibly carrying functional groups inert under the reaction conditions, and whose corresponding vicinal diol is soluble in water, is made to react, under vigorous stirring, with H.sub.2 O.sub.2 at a temperature between 0.degree. and 120.degree. C. and at a pressure between 1 and 100 atmospheres, in a two-phase aqueous liquid/organic liquid system consisting or consisting essentially of an acid aqueous phase containing H.sub.2 O.sub.2 and of an organic phase containing (1) said olefine; (2) possibly a solvent immiscible with the aqueous phase; and (3) a catalyst of the formula:Q.sub.3 XW.sub.4 O.sub.24-2nwherein Q represents an onium (RR.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 M).sup.+ cation, wherein M is chosen from among N, P, As and Sb, and R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.

Abstract: Compositions of formula (I):Q.sub.3 XW.sub.4 O.sub.24-2n (I)wherein:Q represents a cation of an "onium" salt;X is either a P or an As atom; whilen is 0, 1 or 2.The preparative method consists in reacting an oxygenated tungsten (VI) derivative, an oxygenated P (V) or As (V) derivative, and hydrogen peroxide, in an aqueous acid phase, with an "onium" salt or a precursor thereof, if desired contained in an organic phase immiscible with the aqueous phase, at substantially room temperature. The oxygenated compounds of W (VI), P (V) or As (V) may be prepared "in situ" under the conditions of the reaction.Compositions (I), which appear as solids or as viscous oils, find use as oxidizing agents in general in oxidation processes, and especially as epoxidation catalysts for olefinic compounds, both in a homogeneous phase as well as in a heterogeneous phase, and preferably according to the phase-transfer technique, in the presence of oxidizing agents.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing monocarboxylic or dicarboxylic acids by means of an oxidative scission of vicinal diols with H.sub.2 O.sub.2. One starts from vicinal, either terminal or internal, diols soluble in water and, if desired, carrying functional groups that are inert under the reaction conditions. The vicinal diols are reacted in an aqueous solution with H.sub.2 O.sub.2 at a temperature between 0.degree. and 120.degree. C., and at a pH value between 0.5 and 4, in the presence of a catalytic system consisting of tungstic acid or an alkali metal tungstate, and possibly of phosphoric or arsenic acid or an alkali metal salt thereof.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a monocarboxylic or dicarboxylic acid by oxidative scission of an olefine or its corresponding vicinal dihydroxy compound.An olefine of the formula R.sub.1 --CH.dbd.CH--R.sub.2 or R.sub.1 --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 or a vicinal dihydroxy compound of formula R.sub.1 --CHOH--CHOH--R.sub.2 or R.sub.1 --CHOH--CH.sub.2 OH (wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are either equal to or different from each other, and possibly substituted with groups inert under the reaction conditions, represent hydrocarbon groups such as the alkyls having up to 30 carbon atoms; the cycloalkyls, possibly branched or substituted and having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms; the aryls and alkylaryls having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; moreover, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be bound to each other so as to form a cyclic alkenyl or cycloalkyl having up to 12 carbon atoms) are reacted, with vigorous stirring, with H.sub.2 O.sub.2, at a temperature between 0.degree. and 120.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for the preparation of 2-(4'-nitrophenyl)-propionic acid of the formula (I): ##STR1## More particularly, this invention relates to a process for the preparation of 2-(4'-nitrophenyl)-propionic acid (I) starting from para-nitroethylbenzene (PNEB) by carboxylation in the presence of alkaline phenates (Na and K).The 2-(4'-nitrophenyl)-propionic acid (I) thus obtained finds a useful application as an intermediate for the preparation of chemical products.For instance, acid (I) may be hydrogenated catalytically until obtaining the corresponding amino-derivative which is then condensed with ortho-cyanobenzyl-bromides in order to give isoindoline (as described in Belgian Pat. No. 774985).

Abstract: A new process is disclosed for the synthesis of alkylene carbonates having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the chain, starting from a corresponding halohydrin having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.a, R.sub.b, R.sub.c and R.sub.d are independently hydrogen or alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl radicals and where X is a halogen, characterized in that said halohydrin is reacted with a bicarbonate of a quaternary -onium compound, where "-onium" means ammonium, phosphonium, arsonium or stibonium, preferably using an organic solvent as diluent and operating in the presence of carbon dioxide.

Abstract: There is disclosed a simple, economical process for preparing 2,5-dimethyl-3-(2H)-furanone by hydrolysis of the dimer of diacetyl at a temperature of 20.degree.C to 120.degree.C and in the presence of an acid, mineral or organic, or of a cationic resin, with elimination of a acetic acid.