Abstract: A nanocalorimeter device includes a head that defines first dispensing regions configured to receive first drops of first liquids and a cover that defines second dispensing regions corresponding to the first dispensing regions and configured to receive second drops of second liquids. The first and second dispensing regions form corresponding nanocalorimeter cells when the cover is connected to the head, each nanocalorimeter cell thereby containing first and second drops which are combined during a measurement run into a merged drop. The nanocalorimeter device further includes mini-bars pre-dispensed in the second dispensing regions, respectively, each mini-bar including a high magnetic permeability material. A magnetic driver is configured to generate a rotating magnetic field around the nanocalorimeter cells, where the rotating magnetic field causes the mini-bars to spin, mixing the first and second liquids in the merged drop within each nanocalorimeter cell.

Abstract: A displacement measurement apparatus includes a light source, a splitter grating, a measurement grating, and first a second detector arrays. The splitter grating splits a light beam into first and second measurement channels that each illuminates the measurement grating. The first and second measurement channels split into 0th and 1st order diffraction products at the measurement grating in a first pass and recombine at the measurement grating in a second pass before being measured at the first and second detector arrays.

Abstract: A displacement measurement apparatus includes a light source, a splitter grating, a measurement grating, and first a second detector arrays. The splitter grating splits a light beam into first and second measurement channels that each illuminates the measurement grating. The first and second measurement channels split into 0th and 1st order diffraction products at the measurement grating in a first pass and recombine at the measurement grating in a second pass before being measured at the first and second detector arrays.

Abstract: A light source system includes a beam source generating a first input beam of light. An anisotropic acousto-optic modulator (AOM) is positioned to receive the first input beam. The AOM includes a plurality of transducers for receiving control signals and generating corresponding acoustic waves that operate on the first input beam to generate first and second output beams with different frequencies and orthogonal linear polarizations. The first and second output beams have a combined optical power that is substantially the same as an optical power of the first input beam for a first input beam with one polarization and for a first input beam with two polarizations.

Abstract: A light source system includes a beam source generating a first input beam of light with first and second beam components. The first component has a first linear polarization and a first frequency. The second component has a second linear polarization and a second frequency. The first and second linear polarizations are orthogonal. An anisotropic acousto-optic modulator (AOM) is positioned to receive the first input beam. The AOM is operable to change the polarization and frequency of the first and the second beam components in response to a control signal, and thereby generate first and second output beams corresponding to the first and second components, respectively.

Abstract: A manipulator for a fiber optic cable assembly (FOCA) provides microradian accuracy in control of the direction of a beam emanating from the FOCA. Such manipulators can control FOCAs to control the incidence angles of beams at a beam combiner in a beam-combining unit. Accordingly, fewer additional optical elements are required for control of input paths in the beam-combining unit. The manipulator and the beam-combining unit are accurate enough for use in an interferometer that combines beams with different frequencies and polarizations. One such interferometer includes a Zeeman split laser providing a heterodyne beam. A beam splitter separates frequency components of the beams, and AOMs increase the frequency separation between the separated beams. The separated beams can be sent via optical fibers to the beam-combining unit, which combines the beams for use in interferometer optics.

Abstract: An interferometer includes a source of a heterodyne beam including frequency components having frequency components with orthogonal linear polarizations. A beam splitter separates frequency components of the heterodyne beams, and one or more AOMs increase the frequency separation between the separated beams. The separated beams can be sent via optical fibers to a beam-combining unit, which combines the beams for use in interferometer optics.

Abstract: When combined with a conventional angular-measuring, dual-beam-laser interferometer system, the present invention is useful for making rotary calibrations of a CNC (Computer Numerically Controlled) machine tool having a rotary machine tool table and associated tool spindle. The invention includes a bracket connected to an industry standard rotary indexing calibrator having upper and lower disks which are rotatable with respect to one another and which are connected to one another via a Hirth coupling. A reflecting element of the interferometer system for measuring angular position is preferably rigidly mounted to the bracket which in turn is connected to and rotates with the upper disk of the indexing calibrator. The lower disk of the indexing calibrator is mounted to the rotary machine tool table.