Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for MIMO communications with reduced compute complexity are disclosed. Spectrally whitened communications are received, magnitude distortion is removed and phase distortion is corrected. The magnitude distortion is removed separately from the correction of the phase distortion, thereby reducing the compute complexity.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for estimating the motion of an image region (the “center” region) from a source video frame to a target video frame. The motion estimation is locally constrained in that the estimated motion of the “center region” is affected by the estimated motion of neighboring regions. Advantageously, this may reduce common motion matching problems such as false and ambiguous matches. In one embodiment, the locally-constrained motion estimation may be implemented by biasing an error map of the center region using error maps of the neighboring regions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for estimating the motion of an image region (the “center” region) from a source video frame to a target video frame. The motion estimation is locally constrained in that the estimated motion of the “center region” is affected by the estimated motion of neighboring regions. Advantageously, this may reduce common motion matching problems such as false and ambiguous matches. In one embodiment, the locally-constrained motion estimation may be implemented by biasing an error map of the center region using error maps of the neighboring regions.

Abstract: An autocorrelation filter for use with a spread spectrum receiver. The autocorrelation filter can be used as a prefilter stage to reduce phase distortion present in a spread spectrum signal. The autocorrelation filter can be used to process the output from a lattice filter. The lattice filter is configured to remove magnitude distortion from the spread spectrum signal. The autocorrelation filter performs a series of correlations on the output of the lattice filter. The results of these correlations are integrated over a period of time to generate a running impulse response for characterizing and removing the phase distortion in the spread spectrum signal.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a computer implemented process and system for rendering curves or surfaces as 3D graphics on a display. The system of the present invention includes a computer system having a processor, a bus, and a 3D graphics rendering pipeline. The curves or surfaces are modeled by non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS). The process of the present invention functions by receiving a NURBS model for rendering from a software program running on the host processor. The NURBS model defines a curve or surface. The process of the present invention efficiently converts the NURBS model to a Bezier model using the hardware of the graphics rendering pipeline. The Bezier model describes the same curve or surface. The process of Bezier model and the graphics rendering pipeline. The points are then used by the graphics rendering pipeline to render the curve or surface defined by the Bezier model.

Abstract: A method can include receiving, at an electronic transmitter device, for communication to an electronic receiver device, a first data value corresponding to one of a plurality of predetermined data values; identifying, from a matrix of data bits having the form of a 2N×2N Hadamard matrix whose rows have been randomly or pseudo-randomly shuffled, a column of data bits that is associated with the first data value; and transmitting to the electronic receiver device, in place of the first data value, the identified column of data bits. The method can further include receiving data at the electronic receiver; correlating the received data to the identified column of data bits; and providing the first data value for further processing by the electronic receiver.

Abstract: A spread spectrum system having data transmitted in a spread spectrum signal. Periodic and quasi-periodic signals which act as interference in the spectrum of interest is effectively filtered out by using a linear predictive coding filter. The LPC filter takes a digitized received spread spectrum signal and generates a set of predictive coefficients and a set of error coefficients. The predictive coefficients represent the interfering periodic and/or quasi-periodic signals. As such, the set of predictive coefficients are discarded. The remaining error coefficients represent what is left over and thereby contains the useful transmitted data found within the spread spectrum signal. The error coefficients are used by the signal processing block to extract the transmitted data.

Abstract: An autocorrelation filter for use with a spread spectrum receiver. The autocorrelation filter can be used as a prefilter stage to reduce phase distortion present in a spread spectrum signal. The autocorrelation filter can be used to process the output from a lattice filter. The lattice filter is configured to remove magnitude distortion from the spread spectrum signal. The autocorrelation filter performs a series of correlations on the output of the lattice filter. The results of these correlations are integrated over a period of time to generate a running impulse response for characterizing and removing the phase distortion in the spread spectrum signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides efficient and effective quality of service for information that is time sensitive (e.g., real time data). An intermediate network communication system and method (e.g., a router) of the present invention performs cut through switching to reduce latency problems for time sensitive information. In one embodiment of the present invention, communication packet header information is encoded with a time sensitive identifier that identifies the information as time sensitive. In one exemplary transfer control protocol/internet protocol TCP/IP implementation of the present invention, time sensitive indication is provided in the link layer information. In one embodiment of the present invention, time sensitive information is dropped if the intermediate network device can not communicate the information within specified timing constraints.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for estimating the motion of an image region (the “center” region) from a source video frame to a target video frame. The motion estimation is locally constrained in that the estimated motion of the “center region” is affected by the estimated motion of neighboring regions. Advantageously, this may reduce common motion matching problems such as false and ambiguous matches. In one embodiment, the locally-constrained motion estimation may be implemented by biasing an error map of the center region using error maps of the neighboring regions.

Abstract: A baseband direct sequence spread spectrum CDMA transceiver. The data signal is modulated with a Hadamard function having pseudorandomly scrambled rows. This data signal is then broadcast baseband, absent a carrier, by a relatively short, mismatched antenna. The baseband signal is spread out across the DC to 30 MHz spectrum. A low noise, high gainbandwidth product amplifier boosts the baseband RF signal. A correlator/servo system is used to actively cancel the transmit signal from the received signal. Consequently, the same antenna can be used to receive incoming baseband RF signals as well as transmit baseband RF signals, thereby providing full duplex operation.

Abstract: Using image segmentation in video compression brings about a limitation in video quality when a segment moves in position from frame to frame. The limitation arises because color contributions (bleeding or blurring) naturally occur between neighboring segments. The above-identified problem is overcome by providing solutions to compensate for color contributions between neighboring segments. In accordance with one embodiment, a method and apparatus de-blurs an image segment. De-blurring involves removing from the segment approximate color contributions from neighboring segments. This results in a segment that is approximately independent of color contributions from neighboring segments. In accordance with another embodiment, a method and apparatus re-blurs an image segment. Re-blurring involves adding to the segment approximate color contributions from a new arrangement of neighboring segments. This results in more realistic rendering of the segment, as it is located in the new arrangement.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a computer implemented process and system for rendering curves or surfaces as 3D graphics on a display. The system of the present invention includes a computer system having a processor, a bus, and a 3D graphics rendering pipeline. The curves or surfaces are modeled by non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS). The process of the present invention functions by receiving a NURBS model for rendering from a software program running on the host processor. The NURBS model defines a curve or surface. The process of the present invention efficiently converts the NURBS model to a Bezier model using the hardware of the graphics rendering pipeline. The Bezier model describes the same curve or surface. The process of the present invention subsequently generates a plurality of points on the curve or surface using the Bezier model and the graphics rendering pipeline. The points are then used by the graphics rendering pipeline to render the curve or surface defined by the Bezier model.

Abstract: A method of improving bandwidth of wireless CDMA systems by shuffling the rows of a Hadamard function in a pseudo-random manner. A Hadamard function is used to provide orthogonality between users. The orthogonal waveforms are used to prevent interference from different users sharing the same cell as well as multiple channels from the same user. The rows of the Hadamard function are shuffled in a pseudo-random manner. This effectively maximally spreads the spectral density of the transmitted signal out across the available spectrum. These codes are pre-computed and stored in lookup tables of mobile wireless devices. The data signals are modulated by one set of codes. Thereby, one data bit can be transmitted per chip.

Abstract: An autocorrelation filter for use with a spread spectrum receiver. The autocorrelation filter can be used as a prefilter stage to reduce phase distortion present in a spread spectrum signal. The autocorrelation filter can be used to process the output from a lattice filter. The lattice filter is configured to remove magnitude distortion from the spread spectrum signal. The autocorrelation filter performs a series of correlations on the output of the lattice filter. The results of these correlations are integrated over a period of time to generate a running impulse response for characterizing and removing the phase distortion in the spread spectrum signal.

Abstract: A novel technique and apparatus for antialiasing in a computer graphics system is presented. The invention provides antialiasing by gamma corrected area calculation wherein the pixel coverage area is efficiently determined using cross products of the end points of line edges and the corners of the pixels. Gamma correction is advantageously achieved using linear interpolation of a Bézier curve representation of the gamma correction curve by application of the de Casteljau algorithm to programmable coefficients. The invention further provides for alpha blending of the gamma corrected area calculation for each pixel and adjustment of the area calculation for pixels with end points.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for estimating the motion of an image region (the “center” region) from a source video frame to a target video frame. The motion estimation is locally constrained in that the estimated motion of the “center region” is affected by the estimated motion of neighboring regions. Advantageously, this may reduce common motion matching problems such as false and ambiguous matches. In one embodiment, the locally-constrained motion estimation may be implemented by biasing an error map of the center region using error maps of the neighboring regions.

Abstract: Using image segmentation in video compression brings about a limitation in video quality when a segment moves in position from frame to frame. The limitation arises because color contributions (bleeding or blurring) naturally occur between neighboring segments. The above-identified problem is overcome by providing solutions to compensate for color contributions between neighboring segments. In accordance with one embodiment, a method and apparatus de-blurs an image segment. De-blurring involves removing from the segment approximate color contributions from neighboring segments. This results in a segment that is approximately independent of color contributions from neighboring segments. In accordance with another embodiment, a method and apparatus re-blurs an image segment. Re-blurring involves adding to the segment approximate color contributions from a new arrangement of neighboring segments. This results in more realistic rendering of the segment, as it is located in the new arrangement.

Abstract: A processor for computer graphics calculations comprising an entire graphics engine in a single integrated circuit. The processor includes a transform mechanism adapted to compute transforms for the computer graphics calculations. The transform mechanism includes a transformation element adapted to compute transforms using a dot product operation. The transform mechanism of the processor also includes a perspective division element, a color unit for lighting calculations, a scaling element for multiplication operations, and a look-up table containing mathematical functions used by the computer graphics calculations. The processor also includes a raster unit coupled to the transform mechanism, a texture unit coupled to the raster unit, and a shader unit coupled to the texture unit.

Abstract: A method an system provide that image processing operations and graphics processing are both performed by a graphics rendering system. The texture memory and a texture filter of the graphics rendering system are used to perform look-up table operations as well as multiply and accumulate operations typically associated with image processing.