Abstract: A risk apportionment system for providing personal guarantee insurance or commercial collateral insurance may include a risk management module that can run on one or more processors. The risk management module can evaluate a guarantor for the insurance, where the guarantor is required by an obligor to provide a personal guaranty on a business obligation. The risk management module includes, in some implementations, a policy risk component that determines a degree of policy risk to an insurer corresponding to the guarantor and a portfolio risk component that determines a degree of portfolio risk to the insurer corresponding to the guarantor. The system may further include a policy generator operative to generate an insurance policy providing for a variable retention in response to a determination that the degrees of policy and portfolio risk corresponding to the guarantor are below a threshold of risk.

Abstract: A bag opener and dispenser device for emptying quantities of dry pourable material from bags which are hoisted above reactor vessels. The device has a funnel-shaped side wall with a lower annular surface adapted to be mounted to a manway opening leading to the reactor vessel. An apparatus centered within the funnel has an upwardly pointing hollow tip for piercing the bag. The device further includes a horizontal dust containment plate on which the bag is supported. The bag is lowered over the tip which cuts a flap in the bottom of the bag for pourable material to fall through the tip and also through a surrounding region covered with a mesh. In order to facilitate egress of the pourable material from the bag, elongated holes are formed in the side wall of the hollow tip. The dust containment plate sealingly mates with the sides of the bag to prevent the formation of dust.

Abstract: A method and system for cleaning well liners employing a non-rotating tubing string attached to a hydraulic jet carrier assembly is disclosed. The assembly has a plurality of jet nozzles spaced along its length, each of said nozzles expelling a stream of fluid under pressure against the liner with a force which has an equal and opposite reactive force. At least some of the nozzles are oriented along the carrier such that the reactive force for each jet is directionally offset with respect to the central axis of the carrier, thereby creating a twisting moment tending to rotate the carrier about its central axis. During the cleaning operation, the bottom hole differential pressure of the fluid supplied to the jet carrier is varied to rotationally displace the carrier as it is moved vertically within the well bore. Moreover, in a preferred embodiment, the angle of rotational displacement can be calculated which will produce at least double coverage of the jet streams against the liner.

Abstract: A method and system for cleaning well liners employing a non-rotating tubing string attached to a hydraulic jet carrier assembly is disclosed. The assembly has a plurality of jet nozzles spaced along its length, each of said nozzles expelling a stream of fluid under pressure against the liner with a force which has an equal and opposite reactive force. The nozzles are oriented along the carrier such that the reactive force for each jet is directionally offset with respect to the central axis of the carrier, thereby creating a twisting moment tending to rotate the carrier about its central axis. During the cleaning operation, the bottom hole differential pressure of the fluid supplied to the jet carrier is varied to rotationally oscillate the carrier as it is moved vertically within the well bore to increase the coverage of the fluid streams on the liner.

Abstract: A method for cleaning well liners employing a jet carrier assembly having a plurality of jet nozzles spaced along its length each of said nozzles expelling a stream of fluid against the liner. The jet carrier is rotated at a specified rotational speed and moved at a maximum vertical speed which will produce streams of fluid having the energy needed to remove the foreign matter from any size liner with any sized slots or perforations and which will clean each point on the liner at least once.

Abstract: A jet carrier assembly for cleaning well liners has a jet tool stabilized by a centralizer proximate to each of the tool's upper and lower ends. The jet tool is an elongate member having about 4 to 8 pairs of jet nozzles axially spaced therebetween, the axial spacing between alternate pairs being equal. The jet nozzles are spaced to provide a jet fluid track that covers any given point on the liner at least once but not more than twice when the member is lifted at a constant selected vertical speed and a constant selected rotational speed. The nozzles are mounted within adapters which are in turn detachably mounted to the elongate member. The adapters, which are provided in various sizes depending upon the diameter of the well liner, are interchangeable. The centralizers are capable of axial and rotational movement along mandrels attached to the upper and lower ends of the tool.

Abstract: A jet carrier assembly for cleaning well liners has a jet tool stabilized by a centralizer proximate to each of the tool's upper and lower ends. The jet tool is an elongate member having about 4 to 8 pairs of jet nozzles axially spaced therebetween, the axial spacing between alternate pairs being equal. The jet nozzles are spaced to provide a jet fluid track that covers any given point on the liner at least once but not more than twice when the member is lifted at a constant selected vertical speed and a constant selected rotational speed. The nozzles are mounted within adapters which are in turn detachably mounted to the elongate member. The adapters, which are provided in various sizes depending upon the diameter of the well liner, are interchangeable. The centralizers are capable of axial and rotational movement along mandrels attached to the upper and lower ends of the tool.