Abstract: The disclosed inventions include an embodiment of a mechanism, wherein an implementation of spherical power is through the concept of gaussian reduction: ? total = ? 1 + ? 2 - ? 1 ? ? 2 ? t n where Øtotal is the total power applied by the two-lens system, Ø1 and Ø2 are the powers of the respective lenses, t is the thickness of the space between the two lenses and n is the index of refraction of the space between the two lenses. As seen in FIG. 5, this can be done with a two-lens system to generate optical power. Other implementations of the device could provide spherical power by using Gaussian Reduction with two Fresnel lenses.

Abstract: An umbrella having one or more magnetic fasteners attached thereto strategically located to provide support of an open umbrella to a metallic surface on a vehicle so that the umbrella can be self-supported adjacent the opening of a vehicle such as the door opening or trunk and would withstand and be supported on the surface in rains or wind. The device permits the user to have both hands free for removing or placing small children or articles in a vehicle.