Abstract: Provided is a video decoding method including obtaining, from a bitstream, split information indicating whether a current block is to be split; when the split information does not indicate that the current block is to be split, decoding the current block according to encoding information about the current block; and when the split information indicates that the current block is to be split, splitting the current block into at least two lower blocks, obtaining encoding order information indicating an encoding order of the at least two lower blocks of the current block from the bitstream, determining a decoding order of the at least two lower blocks according to the encoding order information, and decoding the at least two lower blocks according to the decoding order.

Abstract: Provided is a method of decoding a video according to an embodiment, the method including determining at least one processing block for splitting the video; determining an order of determining at least one largest coding unit in the at least one processing block; determining at least one largest coding unit on the basis of the determined order; and decoding the determined at least one largest coding unit, wherein the order is one of a plurality of orders for determining a largest coding unit.

Abstract: Provided is a video decoding method including obtaining, from a bitstream, split information indicating whether a current block is to be split; when the split information does not indicate that the current block is to be split, decoding the current block according to encoding information about the current block; and when the split information indicates that the current block is to be split, splitting the current block into at least two lower blocks, obtaining encoding order information indicating an encoding order of the at least two lower blocks of the current block from the bitstream, determining a decoding order of the at least two lower blocks according to the encoding order information, and decoding the at least two lower blocks according to the decoding order.

Abstract: Provided is a method of decoding a video according to an embodiment, the method including determining at least one processing block for splitting the video; determining an order of determining at least one largest coding unit in the at least one processing block; determining at least one largest coding unit on the basis of the determined order; and decoding the determined at least one largest coding unit, wherein the order is one of a plurality of orders for determining a largest coding unit.

Abstract: Provided is a multilayer video decoding method including obtaining a multilayer video bitstream; determining, based on the obtained multilayer video bitstream, whether or not a default reference type, in which at least one layer is inter-layer predicted by using at least one reference layer by default, is used; and inter-layer predicting the at least one layer by using the at least one reference layer according to the default reference type, based on the determining of whether or not the default reference type is used, and decoding an image including the at least one layer.

Abstract: Provided are an inter prediction method and a motion compensation method. The inter prediction method includes: performing inter prediction on a current image by using a long-term reference image stored in a decoded picture buffer; determining residual data and a motion vector of the current image generated via the inter prediction; and determining least significant bit (LSB) information as a long-term reference index indicating the long-term reference image by dividing picture order count (POC) information of the long-term reference image into most significant bit (MSB) information and the LSB information.

Abstract: An image encoding apparatus includes an annexed data obtainer configured to obtain annexed data that is annexed to image data and that is to be transmitted along with the image data; an annexed image data obtainer configured to convert the obtained annexed data and obtain annexed image data having a same format as that of the image data; and an encoder configured to obtain transmission image data based on the annexed image data and the image data and encode the transmission image data according to a first codec.

Abstract: Provided is an image decoding method of decoding an image, the image decoding method including: obtaining at least one of block shape information and split shape information about a first coding unit included in the image, from a bitstream; determining at least one second coding unit included in the first coding unit based on at least one of the block shape information and the split shape information; and decoding the image based on the at least one second coding unit, wherein the block shape information indicates a shape of the first coding unit and the split shape information indicates whether the first coding unit is split into the at least one second coding unit. Also, provided is an image encoding method corresponding to the image decoding method. Also, provided is an image encoding apparatus and image decoding apparatus for respectively performing the image encoding method and image decoding method.

Abstract: Provided is a video decoding method including obtaining, from a bitstream, split information indicating whether a current block is to be split; when the split information does not indicate that the current block is to be split, decoding the current block according to encoding information about the current block; and when the split information indicates that the current block is to be split, splitting the current block into at least two lower blocks, obtaining encoding order information indicating an encoding order of the at least two lower blocks of the current block from the bitstream, determining a decoding order of the at least two lower blocks according to the encoding order information, and decoding the at least two lower blocks according to the decoding order.

Abstract: Provided is a method of decoding a video according to an embodiment, the method including determining at least one processing block for splitting the video; determining an order of determining at least one largest coding unit in the at least one processing block; determining at least one largest coding unit on the basis of the determined order; and decoding the determined at least one largest coding unit, wherein the order is one of a plurality of orders for determining a largest coding unit.

Abstract: Provided is an image encoding method including generating a first picture reconstructed by using a residual picture and a predicted picture; generating a second picture by applying a first artifact reduction filter to the first picture; determining a picture having a smaller bit-rate distortion cost from among the first and second pictures by comparing a first bit-rate distortion cost of the first picture with a second bit-rate distortion cost of the second picture; generating a third picture by applying an in-loop filter to the determined picture; generating a fourth picture by applying a second artifact reduction filter to the third picture; determining a picture having smaller distortion from among the third and fourth pictures by comparing first distortion of the third picture with second distortion of the fourth picture; and generating, via a processor, a bitstream including information about whether the second artifact reduction filter is applied.

Abstract: Provided is an image encoding method including extracting feature points from a picture; generating at least two clusters by performing feature point clustering on the extracted feature points; determining at least two split sections in the picture, the at least two split sections respectively corresponding to the at least two clusters; parallel-encoding the at least two split sections; and generating a bitstream including information about the at least two split sections. A size and a shape of each of the at least two split sections may be individually determined.

Abstract: Provided are an image decoding method, according to an embodiment, capable of obtaining a residual signal of an image from a bitstream, changing a ratio of sizes of adjacent first blocks among a plurality of first blocks including the residual signal based on block ratio information obtained from the bitstream, and decoding the residual signal based on the changed ratio, wherein the block ratio information indicates one of predetermined ratios to which the ratio of the sizes of the adjacent first blocks is changeable; and an image decoding device capable of performing the image decoding method. Provided are also an image encoding method, according to an embodiment, capable of being performed in an opposite or similar way to the image decoding method; and an image encoding device capable of performing the image encoding method.

Abstract: Provided is a video decoding method including: obtaining mode information of a contour for determining at least one segment from a current block; determining whether first coordinates and second coordinates of the contour are derivable from a neighboring block of the current block, based on the mode information of the contour; when the first and second coordinates of the contour are derivable from the neighboring block of the current block, determining the at least one segment from the current block based on the first and second coordinates of the contour derived from the neighboring block of the current block; and performing prediction with respect to the determined at least one segment.

Abstract: Provided are an inter prediction method and a motion compensation method. The inter prediction method includes: performing inter prediction on a current image by using a long-term reference image stored in a decoded picture buffer; determining residual data and a motion vector of the current image generated via the inter prediction; and determining least significant bit (LSB) information as a long-term reference index indicating the long-term reference image by dividing picture order count (POC) information of the long-term reference image into most significant bit (MSB) information and the LSB information.

Abstract: Provided is a video decoding method including obtaining, from a bitstream, information about a prediction mode of a current block; when the prediction mode of the current block is an intra mode, obtaining information about an intra prediction mode of the current block; obtaining a predicted sample value of the current block by using at least one sample that is from among samples included in an adjacent reference region of a plurality of lines and is located, from the current block, in an intra prediction direction indicated by an intra prediction mode. The adjacent reference region of the plurality of lines may include a plurality of lines that are in a vertical direction and located at a left side of the current block, or a plurality of lines that are in a horizontal direction and located at an upper side of the current block.

Abstract: Provided are a video encoding method and apparatus and a video decoding method and apparatus for producing a reconstructed video having a minimum error with respect to an original video. The video decoding method includes parsing an edge correction parameter from a bitstream, the edge correction parameter being used to correct a reconstructed pixel included in a current block, determining whether the reconstructed pixel is included in an edge region according to a first threshold value included in the edge correction parameter, determining whether the reconstructed pixel is to be corrected according to a second threshold value included in the edge correction parameter when the reconstructed pixel is included in the edge region, and compensating for a sample value of the reconstructed pixel according to a third threshold value included in the edge correction parameter when the reconstructed pixel is to be corrected.

Abstract: A system and a method for displaying a scene are provided. The system includes a display configured to emit light, a spatial light modulator configured to modulate input light based on a transparency value, and at least one processor configured to acquire adjustment information including transparency of the spatial light modulator and light intensity information of the display from a plurality of pieces of view information corresponding to the scene and adjust an intensity value of the light emitted from the display and the transparency value of the spatial light modulator based on the adjustment information, wherein the plurality of pieces of view information are optical information of the scene, the optical information having been acquired at a plurality of viewpoints.

Abstract: Provided are an inter prediction method and a motion compensation method. The inter prediction method includes: performing inter prediction on a current image by using a long-term reference image stored in a decoded picture buffer; determining residual data and a motion vector of the current image generated via the inter prediction; and determining least significant bit (LSB) information as a long-term reference index indicating the long-term reference image by dividing picture order count (POC) information of the long-term reference image into most significant bit (MSB) information and the LSB information.

Abstract: Provided is a method of decoding an image, the method including: determining at least one coding unit for splitting an image, based on block shape information of a current coding unit; determining at least one transformation unit, based on a shape of the current coding unit included in the at least one coding unit; and decoding the image by performing inverse transformation based on the at least one transformation unit, wherein the block shape information indicates whether the current coding unit is a square shape or a non-square shape. Also, provided is an encoding method corresponding to the decoding method. In addition, provided is an encoding apparatus or decoding apparatus capable of performing the encoding or decoding method.