Abstract: An injector mixer for a gasification reactor system that utilizes reactants includes an injector body that extends between a first face and a second face. The injector body includes a first passage that extends between the first face and the second face and has a first central axis. At least one second, impinging passage extends between the first face and second face and has an associated second central axis that has an angle with the first axis. The angle satisfies mixing efficiency Equation (I) disclosed herein.

Abstract: An injector mixer for a gasification reactor system that utilizes reactants includes an injector body that extends between a first face and a second face. The injector body includes a first passage that extends between the first face and the second face and has a first central axis. At least one second, impinging passage extends between the first face and second face and has an associated second central axis that has an angle with the first axis. The angle satisfies mixing efficiency Equation (I) disclosed herein.

Abstract: A process of generating a gas includes providing an encapsulation of reactive metal particles, releasing the reactive metal particles from the encapsulation, mixing the reactive metal particles in turbulent water, reacting the reactive metal particles in the turbulent water to generate hydrogen, cooling the turbulent water and the hydrogen with water jets, separating solids and liquids from the hydrogen, and providing the hydrogen to an electrochemical cell.

Abstract: A process of generating a gas includes providing an encapsulation of reactive metal particles, releasing the reactive metal particles from the encapsulation, mixing the reactive metal particles in turbulent water, reacting the reactive metal particles in the turbulent water to generate hydrogen, cooling the turbulent water and the hydrogen with water jets, separating solids and liquids from the hydrogen, and providing the hydrogen to an electrochemical cell.

Abstract: A flow splitter is operable to divide flow of a fuel mixture. The flow splitter includes a first tube having an outlet end and a plurality of second tubes that are coupled at the outlet end to divide flow from the first tube. Each of the plurality of second tubes has a respective inside diameter that satisfies Equation (I) and Equation (II) disclosed herein.

Abstract: A power plant includes a closed loop, supercritical carbon dioxide system (CLS-CO2 system). The CLS-CO2 system includes a turbine-generator and a high temperature recuperator (HTR) that is arranged to receive expanded carbon dioxide from the turbine-generator. The HTR includes a plurality of heat exchangers that define respective heat exchange areas. At least two of the heat exchangers have different heat exchange areas.

Abstract: A pump apparatus includes a particulate pump that defines a passage that extends from an inlet to an outlet. A duct is in flow communication with the outlet. The duct includes a deconsolidator configured to fragment particle agglomerates received from the passage.

Abstract: An injector mixer for a gasification reactor system that utilizes reactants includes an injector body that extends between a first face and a second face. The injector body includes a first passage that extends between the first face and the second face and has a first central axis. At least one second, impinging passage extends between the first face and second face and has an associated second central axis that has an angle with the first axis. The angle satisfies mixing efficiency Equation (I) disclosed herein.

Abstract: A thermal storage system includes a first tank and a second tank thermally interfaced with the first tank. A pump is connected between the first tank and the second tank to move a fluid from the first tank to the second tank. A first heat exchanger includes a heat-exchanging portion that is located within the first tank. A second heat exchanger includes another heat-exchanging portion that is located within the second tank.

Abstract: A flow splitter is operable to divide flow of a fuel mixture. The flow splitter includes a first tube having an outlet end and a plurality of second tubes that are coupled at the outlet end to divide flow from the first tube. Each of the plurality of second tubes has a respective inside diameter that satisfies Equation (I) and Equation (II) disclosed herein.

Abstract: Disclosed is a power generation system and method. The system includes a combustor, and a turbine driven by products of the combustor. The turbine includes at least one disk supporting a plurality of airfoils, and the airfoils each have an internal passage formed therein. The system further includes a passage for routing a coolant within the system. A portion of the passage is provided by the internal passages of the airfoils, and another portion of the passage is provided between the airfoils and the combustor. The system also includes a generator driven by the turbine to generate electric power.

Abstract: A solar receiver includes a manifold, a sealed enclosure around the manifold and a plurality of tubes connected to the manifold and extending through the sealed enclosure.

Abstract: A separator apparatus includes an expansion nozzle having spray elements and a tunnel coupled with the expansion nozzle. The tunnel includes a wall having a plurality of perforations.

Abstract: A method of retrofitting a power generation system includes modifying a pre-existing power generation system that includes a combustor and a steam-based cycle to include a super-critical carbon dioxide-based Brayton cycle that is directly coupled through the combustor. The steam-based cycle is converted into a steam-based Rankine cycle that is in thermal-receiving communication with the super-critical carbon dioxide-based Brayton cycle.

Abstract: A power plant includes a heated fluid, a closed loop, super-critical carbon dioxide-based Brayton cycle, and a closed loop, steam-based Rankine cycle. At least one heat exchanger is arranged to receive the heated fluid and exchange heat between the heated fluid, the closed loop super-critical carbon dioxide-based Brayton cycle and the closed loop, steam-based Rankine cycle.

Abstract: A power plant includes a closed loop, supercritical carbon dioxide system (CLS-CO2 system). The CLS-CO2 system includes a turbine-generator and a high temperature recuperator (HTR) that is arranged to receive expanded carbon dioxide from the turbine-generator. The HTR includes a plurality of heat exchangers that define respective heat exchange areas. At least two of the heat exchangers have different heat exchange areas.

Abstract: A pump apparatus includes a particulate pump that defines a passage that extends from an inlet to an outlet. A duct is in flow communication with the outlet. The duct includes a deconsolidator configured to fragment particle agglomerates received from the passage.

Abstract: A thermal storage system includes a first tank and a second tank thermally interfaced with the first tank. A pump is connected between the first tank and the second tank to move a fluid from the first tank to the second tank. A first heat exchanger includes a heat-exchanging portion that is located within the first tank. A second heat exchanger includes another heat-exchanging portion that is located within the second tank.

Abstract: A method for desulfurizing a fluid comprising at least one sulfur compound is provided. The method includes providing an oxide composition comprising at least one byproduct oxide from a process for removing one or more impurities from coal and contacting the oxide composition with the fluid. The oxide composition reacts with the at least one sulfur compound to form a solid precipitate. Methods for operating a coal combustion system are also provided.

Abstract: A method for removing at least one impurity from coal is described herein. The method includes providing coal comprising a plurality of impurities and contacting the coal with an acid solution in a reaction chamber. At least one of the impurities reacts with the acid solution to produce one or more first products soluble in the acid solution. The method further includes removing at least a portion of the acid solution including at least a portion of the first products from the reaction chamber and adding a nitrate composition to the reaction chamber to form a nitrate solution. At least one of the impurities, at least one of the first products, or combinations thereof react with the nitrate composition to produce one or more second products soluble in the nitrate solution. The method still further includes removing at least a portion of the nitrate solution including at least a portion of the second products from the reaction chamber.