Abstract: A method includes forming a stack of channel layers and sacrificial layers over a substrate, patterning the stack to form a fin-shape structure, and recessing a portion of the fin-shape structure to form a recess. A top surface of the substrate under the recess is covered at least by a bottommost sacrificial layer of the stack. The method also includes forming inner spacers on terminal ends of the sacrificial layers that are above the bottommost sacrificial layer, depositing an undoped layer in the recess, and forming a doped epitaxial feature over the undoped layer. The undoped layer covers terminal ends of a bottommost channel layer of the stack. The doped epitaxial feature covers terminal ends of the channel layers that are above the bottommost channel layer.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure provide an automated labeling system. For example, the automated labeling system can include an automated labeling module (ALM) configured to receive wireless signals and ground truth of learning object and label the wireless signals with the ground truth when receiving the ground truth to generate labeled training data. The automated labeling system can also include a training database coupled to the ALM. The training database can be configured to store the labeled training data.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for preparing a composition including mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular vesicles produced by the mesenchymal stem cells, and growth factors, the composition prepared by the method, and use of the composition for treating arthritis. The composition of the present disclosure achieves the effect of treating arthritis through various efficacy experiments.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for treating liver cirrhosis by using a composition including mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular vesicles produced by the mesenchymal stem cells, and growth factors. The composition of the present disclosure achieves the effect of treating liver cirrhosis through various efficacy experiments.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods for irrigating lands are disclosed. In one example, an irrigation system is disclosed. The irrigation system includes a gate and a microcontroller unit (MCU). The gate is configured for adjusting a water flow for irrigating a piece of land. The MCU is configured for controlling the gate to adjust the water flow based on environmental information related to the piece of land.

Abstract: A transmission line driver circuit includes: a transmission line driving amplifier having a first transmission terminal and a second transmission terminal; a first signal node; a second signal node; a first adjustable resistor positioned between the first transmission terminal and the first signal node; a second adjustable resistor positioned between the second transmission terminal and the second signal node; an internal node; a first divider resistor positioned between the first signal node and the internal node; a second divider resistor positioned between the second signal node and the internal node; a comparing circuit for comparing a divided voltage at the internal node with a reference voltage to generate a comparison signal; and an adjusting circuit for adjusting resistance of at least one of the first and second adjustable resistors according to the comparison signal.

Abstract: A transmission line driver circuit includes: a transmission line driving amplifier having a first transmission terminal and a second transmission terminal; a first signal node; a second signal node; a first adjustable resistor positioned between the first transmission terminal and the first signal node; a second adjustable resistor positioned between the second transmission terminal and the second signal node; a first voltage difference generating circuit coupled with two terminals of the first adjustable resistor to generate a first voltage difference value; a second voltage difference generating circuit coupled with two terminals of the second adjustable resistor to generate a second voltage difference value; sample-and-hold circuits for generating sampled signals according to the first voltage difference value and the second voltage difference value; a comparing circuit for comparing the sampled signals; and an adjusting circuit for adjusting resistance of the first and/or second adjustable resistors accor

Abstract: A transmission line driver circuit includes: a transmission line driving amplifier having a first transmission terminal and a second transmission terminal; a first signal node; a second signal node; a first adjustable resistor positioned between the first transmission terminal and the first signal node; a second adjustable resistor positioned between the second transmission terminal and the second signal node; an internal node; a first divider resistor positioned between the first signal node and the internal node; a second divider resistor positioned between the second signal node and the internal node; a comparing circuit for comparing a divided voltage at the internal node with a reference voltage to generate a comparison signal; and an adjusting circuit for adjusting resistance of at least one of the first and second adjustable resistors according to the comparison signal.

Abstract: A transmission line driver circuit includes: a transmission line driving amplifier having a first transmission terminal and a second transmission terminal; a first signal node; a second signal node; a first adjustable resistor positioned between the first transmission terminal and the first signal node; a second adjustable resistor positioned between the second transmission terminal and the second signal node; a first voltage difference generating circuit coupled with two terminals of the first adjustable resistor to generate a first voltage difference value; a second voltage difference generating circuit coupled with two terminals of the second adjustable resistor to generate a second voltage difference value; sample-and-hold circuits for generating sampled signals according to the first voltage difference value and the second voltage difference value; a comparing circuit for comparing the sampled signals; and an adjusting circuit for adjusting resistance of the first and/or second adjustable resistors accor

Abstract: The present invention discloses an integrated circuit having electromagnetic shielding capability and the manufacturing method thereof. An embodiment of the said integrated circuit comprises: a semiconductor circuit structure including a first surface which covers an electromagnetic radiation area; an electromagnetic shielding layer covering the first surface and including at least one contact; and at least one conducting path operable to electrically connect the at least one contact with a steady voltage and thereby shield off the electromagnetic wave from the electromagnetic radiation area, wherein the current running through the electromagnetic shielding layer is zero or less than the maximum current running through the electromagnetic radiation area.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an integrated circuit having electromagnetic shielding capability and the manufacturing method thereof. An embodiment of the said integrated circuit comprises: a semiconductor circuit structure including a first surface which covers an electromagnetic radiation area; an electromagnetic shielding layer covering the first surface and including at least one contact; and at least one conducting path operable to electrically connect the at least one contact with a steady voltage and thereby shield off the electromagnetic wave from the electromagnetic radiation area, wherein the current running through the electromagnetic shielding layer is zero or less than the maximum current running through the electromagnetic radiation area.

Abstract: This invention discloses a crystal oscillator, in which by appropriately designing the gain of an amplifier to achieve high trans-conductance and low power consumption. This crystal oscillator includes a first pad, coupled to a first node of a crystal, for receiving a crystal oscillating signal outputted from the crystal; an amplifier, coupled to the first pad, for amplifying the crystal oscillating signal to generate an amplifying signal; an inverter, coupled to the amplifier, for inverting the amplifying signal; and a second pad, coupled to a second node of the crystal, for outputting an oscillating signal to the crystal.

Abstract: A digitally controlled LC-tank oscillator is constructed by connecting different tuning circuits to a LC tank. The tuning circuit includes a single bank of tuning cells, a dual bank of tuning cells, or a fractional tuning circuit. Each of said tuning cells in the tuning circuit includes a tuning circuit element and a memory cell.

Abstract: A mixer for the elimination of harmonic mixing in signal transmission is presented. The mixer incorporates a mixing unit and a modulation output unit. The mixing unit receives an input signal and a modulated signal, and outputs an output signal after signal mixing. The modulation output unit is for the generation of modulated signals, which are usually pulse-width modulated. The modulation output unit includes a delta sigma modulator and a digital domain code generator. The delta sigma modulator outputs the modulated signal responding to the received oscillation signal and digital domain code, the digital domain code generator generates the digital domain code in order to provide digital domain sine wave code for the use of the delta sigma modulator. The oscillation signal may be a signal of constant hi-frequency, or a signal that has a frequency larger or equal to that of the input signal by an integer factor.

Abstract: An equalizer and a related equalizing method for equalizing signal reflection caused by a stub at a transmitting end are provided. The equalizer includes a summing device and a delay device. The summing device is utilized for adding a feedback delay signal to the input signal to generate the equalized signal. The delay device is coupled to the summing device, and utilized for delaying the equalized signal to generate the feedback delay signal. Wherein the delay device has a variable delay time and the variable delay time is a non-integer multiple of a bit time of the input signal.

Abstract: A successive approximation analog to digital converter and a conversion method thereof are provided. The successive approximation analog to digital converter includes a sample circuit, a conversion circuit, and a filtering control circuit. The sample circuit is configured to sample an analog voltage from an analog signal. The conversion circuit is configured to convert the analog voltage into a digital voltage. The filtering control circuit is configured to transmit a filtering control signal to the sample circuit according to the digital voltage. The sample circuit further samples a next analog voltage from the analog signal and adjusts the next analog voltage into an adjusted analog voltage according to the filtering control signal. The conversion circuit further converts the adjusted analog voltage into a next digital voltage, wherein the next digital voltage is a filtered digital voltage.

Abstract: A phase locked loop comprises a loop filter and a charge pump circuit. The loop filter comprises a parallel capacitor, a serial resistor and a serial capacitor. A first terminal of the serial resistor is electrically connected to a first terminal of the parallel capacitor. A first terminal of the serial capacitor is electrically connected to the second terminal of the serial resistor, and a second terminal of the serial capacitor is electrically connected to a second terminal of the parallel capacitor. The charge pump circuit comprises a first charge pump and a second charge pump. The first charge pump is electrically connected to the first terminal of the serial resistor, and the second charge pump is electrically connected to the second terminal of the serial resistor. The phase lock loop can reduce output jitter and therefore increases the performance of the phase lock loop.

Abstract: A transmitter for transmitting a transmission signal is disclosed. The transmitter includes: a gain stage, for receiving an input signal and amplifying the input signal according to a gain to generate an amplified signal; and an output stage, coupled to the gain stage, for receiving a first reference voltage signal and the amplified signal and utilizing the first reference voltage signal to perform a predetermined operation on the amplified signal to generate the output signal.

Abstract: This invention provides an equalization apparatus for equalizing an input signal on a cable. The equalization apparatus comprises a cable equalizer for equalizing a cable attenuation effect of the input signal to output a first equalization signal; and a stub equalizer for equalizing a stub effect of the first equalization signal to output an outputting equalization signal.

Abstract: A reference assisted control system and method thereof are disclosed. The method comprises: receiving a first input signal and a second control signal; generating a first intermediate signal in accordance with a difference between the first input signal and the first output signal; filtering the second control signal to generate a second intermediate signal; performing a weighted sum of the first intermediate signal and the second intermediate signal to generate the control signal; and outputting the first output signal in accordance with the control signal.