Abstract: Fuels for internal combustion engines or lubricants contain small amounts of polyisobutylaminoalcohols of the formulae Ia and Ib where R is polyisobutyl having a number average molecular weight of 500 to 5,000 and in each of the two formulae one of the radicals X is OH and the other is the group where the radicals R1 may be identical or different and are each hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or aminoalkyl which may be substituted by further hydroxyl- or amino-carrying alkyl radicals, or the two radicals R1 may form a nonaromatic ring.

Abstract: Phosphonomethylated poly-vinylamines which contain as characteristic structural elements units of the formula where R1 is hydrogen, C1-C6-alkyl or and X is hydrogen, an alkali metal, ammonium or one equivalent of an alkaline earth metal, are obtainable by phosphonomethylation of polymers which contain N-vinyl-amide or vinylamine groups and are useful as detergent additives and water treatment agents.

Abstract: Water-soluble copolymers which contain, polymerized in, as characteristic monomers(a) 99 to 50% by weight of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids with 3 to 8 carbon atoms or their salts and(b) 1 to 50% by weight of N-vinylimidazole or substituted N-vinylimidazoles, their salts or products of quaternization and which have K values of from 10 to 50 are used for water treatment to reduce deposits of scale and sludge in water-conveying systems.

Abstract: Highly viscous adducts of 1,2-butylene oxide with secondary or primary alcohols are prepared in the presence of an alkali as a catalyst.

Abstract: .beta.-Alaninediacetic acid (Ia) or its alkali metal or ammonium salts (Ib) are prepared by a process in which iminodiacetic acid and acrylic acida) for the preparation of Ia, are reacted with one another in a nonbasic aqueous medium andb) for the preparation of Ib, are reacted with one another in an alkaline aqueous medium or an aqueous medium containing a nitrogen base, or the Ia formed in the nonbasic medium is converted with an alkali metal base, ammonia or an amine into Ib.

Abstract: 2-Hydroxy-3-aminopropionic acid derivatives of the general formula I ##STR1## where X is hydrogen, an alkali metal or ammonium which may be substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -hydroxyalkyl, and Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 have the following meanings:A) .omega.-substituted alkyl of the general formula--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --R.sup.1where R.sup.1 is hydrogen, hydroxyl or --COOX, --NH--CH(COOX)--CH.sub.2 --COOX or --NY.sup.1 Y.sup.2 and m is from 1 to 20, although m is not 1 when Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 are identical and R.sup.1 is --COOX,B) a polyether group of the general formula--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.m --R.sup.2where R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl,C) a .beta.-hydroxyl-substituted group of the general formula ##STR2## where R.sup.3 is --COOX, --CH.sub.2 OH or --CH.sub.2 --NY.sup.1 Y.sup.2 and n is from 1 to 5,D) an .alpha.-carboxyl-substituted group of the general formula ##STR3## where R.sup.4 is hydrogen, methyl or hydroxymethyl and R.sup.

Abstract: 2-Methyl- and 2-hydroxymethyl-serine-N,N-diacetic acid and derivatives thereof of the general formula I ##STR1## in which X denotes hydrogen, alkali metal or ammonium which may or may not be substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -hydroxyalkyl groups and Z denotes hydrogen or hydroxyl.The compounds I serve as complexing agents for heavy metal ions or alkaline earth metal ions and as bleach stabilizers or builders in detergents and cleaning formulations.

Abstract: .beta.-Alaninediacetic acid (Ia) or its alkali metal or ammonium salts (Ib) are prepared by a process in which iminodiacetic acid and acrylic acid(a) for the preparation of Ia, are reacted with one another in a nonbasic aqueous medium and(b) for the preparation of Ib, are reacted with one another in an alkaline aqueous medium or an aqueous medium containing a nitrogen base, or the Ia formed in the nonbasic medium is converted with an alkali metal base, ammonia or an amine into Ib.

Abstract: Adducts of 1,2-butylene oxide with H-azidic organic compounds are used as lubricants, and lubricants contain these adducts.

Abstract: Washing and cleaning agents for aqueous use contain from 2 to 25% by weight, based on the total weight of the agent, of .beta.-alanine-N,N-diacetic acid or an alkali metal or ammonium salt thereof as water softener. The washing and cleaning agent is effective in preventing hardness deposits on textiles and fabrics.

Abstract: Fuels for gasoline engines and diesel engines contain small amounts(A) of an alkoxylate which is obtained by reacting ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or butylene oxide with a mono- or polyhydroxy compound and has a number average molecular weight (molecular mass) of from 500 to 6,000 and(B) of an imide or amidoimide, or a mixture of these, obtained from nitrilotriacetic acid and/or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and an amine of 7 to 18 carbon atoms, or a mixture of such amines, of the formula I ##STR1## where the radicals X are identical or different --HN--R radicals or adjacent radicals X are the radical >N--R and form a ring ##STR2## m is 0 or 1 and R is a straight-chain or branched aliphatic radical of 7 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Alkoxysilanes containing low levels of chlorine compounds are prepared by stepwise etherification of chlorosilanes with alcohols in liquid phase and removal of the resulting hydrogen chloride by reacting the alkoxysilane obtained, which still contains a small amount of chlorine compound, with a metal alkoxide in an amount which corresponds to a small stoichiometric excess based on the proportion of chlorine compound, and freeing the reaction product from the resulting salt.

Abstract: Glycol-based coolant mixtures which are free of nitrites and phosphates contain alkali metal salts of bis(carboxyalkyloxyphenyl)-2,2-propane and stabilized silicate and also further corrosion-inhibiting additives.

Abstract: Organosilane/silicate copolymers obtainable by reacting an organic phosphosilicon compound of the formula I ##STR1## where n, X, Y, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the meanings stated in the description, with an alkali metal silicate, radiator antifreezes containing these compounds, their use as corrosion inhibitors in radiator antifreezes based on glycol, a method of inhibiting corrosion of aluminum by aqueous cooling media, containing radiator antifreeze based on glycol, during the cooling of internal combustion engines, and the use of organic phosphosilicon compounds for stabilizing silicates.