Abstract: A paper clip for securing to at least one sheet of thin material comprises a continuous or endless filament shaped to provide two oppositely facing pincers. Each oppositely facing pincer has a resilient hinge region connecting and urging toether an opposing pair of pincer finger members with each pincer finger member comprising a tip segment, an inner gripping segment, and an outer edge segment. The sheet of thin material is secured between either of the oppositely facing pincers by the inner gripping segments of the respective pair of opposing pincer finger members.

Abstract: A low-profile railway car retarder having a pair of braking bars disposed parallel and on opposite sides of a track rail and having an upper and lower pivotal lever carrying a respective one of the pairs of braking bars. A pneumatic motor pivotally connected to the outer extremities of the upper and lower levers, and the height of the pivotal connection of the upper lever is substantially at the same level as the track rail so that a humped railway vehicle is permitted to freely pass through the car retarder. The pneumatic motor lifts the upper lever and depresses the lower lever to move the pair of braking bars to a closed braking position wherein pressure is supplied to the pneumatic motor so that the pair of braking bars engage the opposite side of the wheels of a traversing vehicle at a relatively high point to exert a greater amount of retardation of the vehicle.

Abstract: A pneumatic pressure actuator including a cylinder assemblage having a pair of metallic cylinder heads and a fiberglass cylinder casing held together by a plurality of tie bolts and nuts. A piston and piston rod reciprocally movable within the cylinder assemblage and including a greased nylon cushion ring and polyurethane wiper ring for reducing frictional wear between the relatively movable surfaces.

Abstract: The bell clapper arm is mounted on the rotatable armature of a rotary solenoid so as to be moved through an arc, to strike the bell gong with a hammer at its outer end, each time the solenoid is energized. The solenoid energizing circuit includes the contacts of a reed relay switch which are periodically closed by a permanent magnet rotated in close proximity by a motor actuated when a bell warning is desired. The reed relay contacts are closed by the passage of each pole of the magnet and the ringing frequency is adjusted by varying the motor speed.