Abstract: An integrated control system for controlling and monitoring at least one machine is provided. The integrated control system includes a means for programming instructions for generation of control signals for the controlled machine. The control system of the present invention includes a real-time operating system, a virtual integration of a PLC, an MC and an MMI into one seamless multi-tasking application. The PLC and MC are embedded in the software architecture of the integrated control system and operable by a single processor, and these components have access to the same memory means via a bus.

Abstract: An automatic isokinetic sampling device for measuring aerosols in a fluid flow has a vacuum or suction pressure device attached to the end of a tubular collector which is placed in the path of the fluid flow. A differential air flow sensor senses and determines the difference in velocity between the fluid flow outside the tubular collector and that portion of the fluid flow received by the tubular collector. A filter for collecting a sample the aerosols in the fluid flow is placed along the straight downwind path of the fluid flow and within the tubular collector. As the fluid flow velocity changes the flow inside the tubular collector is equalized to the flow outside the tubular collector providing isokinetic sampling of the aerosols.

Abstract: A gas flow alternator cyclically connects a microphone to a dynamic flow ssure and then a reference static flow pressure. The microphone converts the pressures to a resultant alternating differential signal providing a first input to a phase-locked amplifier. A second amplifier input is derived from an optical pickup mounted within the housing. A readout connected in the circuit with the amplifier indicates the dynamic flow pressure.

Abstract: A gas flow rotor cyclically connects a microphone to a dynamic flow press and then a reference static flow pressure. The microphone converts the pressures to a resultant alternating differential signal providing a first input to a phase-locked amplifier. A second amplifier input is derived from an optical pickup mounted on the rotor. Only the AC component of the converted microphone signal, which has a fixed phase relationship to that of the rotor, is amplified. A readout connected in circuit with the amplifier indicates the dynamic flow pressure.

Abstract: A dewpoint sensor has an inlet connected to a gas flow switch that first its air at 100 percent saturation at ambient temperature for determining a reference dewpoint temperature. The switch then connects the sensor to ambient air for determining the ambient dewpoint temperature. Entry of this temperature data in standard tables establishes relative humidity with improved accuracy at high humidity due to the measurement of both temperatures on the same sensor instrument.

Abstract: This system is a combination of two techniques which are used together effectively combining their features. One technique is an absolute measurement based on mass accumulation rate and used primarily for calibration purposes. The mass accumulation rate on a filter, when divided by the flow rate of the medium through this apparatus, yields the droplet density. The second technique is a differential measurement with two adjacent sampling inlets, one is unrestricted while the other is inertially filtered to eliminate water droplets. The two flow streams in the differential system are cyclically sampled and the combined flow passes a heated wire grid designed to evaporate droplets encountered. The resulting oscillating signal (with DC component) is fed into a lock-in amplifier whose output is the rms value of the difference signal. The vapor component is thereby nearly eliminated and the signal is processed by the phase-locked signal-to-reference detection technique which produces very high sensitivity.

Abstract: The highly sensitive spectrophone assembly of the subject invention simultaneously and continuously provides an accurate measure of the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by atmospheric gases and particulate matter by providing successive flow through chambers. The gases and particulate matter pass through the first chamber, are directed through a filter where the particulate matter is removed, leaving the gases to flow through the second chamber. The signal representative of the absorption of energy is generated in each chamber and fed into a differential amplifier, to provide an accurate indication of the particulate matter in the atmosphere being monitored. Grounding one side yields a signal attributable to the gaseous absorption.