Abstract: The encoder/decoder design for spectrum-encoded optical CDMA systems uses waveguide circuits monolithically integrated on one chip to fulfill essential encoding and decoding functions. The integrated device functions as a 1×2 wavelength selective Mach-Zehnder interferometer switch to encode the input broadband light source and to decode the transmitted spectrally encoded signals. The device comprises a frontal 3-dB coupler, a double-ended arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG), and arrays of thermooptic phase shifters and attenuators, together with their symmetric images reflected from the high-reflection coated facet, to realize all required functionality. The thermooptic phase shifters and attenuators are programmable through electronic interface to realize programmable encoding and decoding capabilities. The attenuators are used to equalize the powers and to increase the ON/OFF extinction ratio of all spectral chips.

Abstract: An optical switch includes a plurality of first optical fibers, a plurality of second optical fibers, a first MEMS array, and a second MEMS array. The first MEMS array is optically coupled with the first optical fibers to receive optical signals from the first optical fibers and to direct the optical signals, wherein the first MEMS array defines a first array incidence angle between a normal direction to the first MEMS array and a direction of the received optical signals. The second MEMS array is optically coupled with the first MEMS array to receive the directed optical signals and to re-direct the directed optical signals with the second optical fibers wherein the second MEMS array defines a second array incidence angle between a normal direction to second MEMS array and a direction of the re-directed optical signals. The configuration of the components is provided to provide reduced optical losses.