Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) structure includes a gate structure, a source epitaxial structure, a drain epitaxial structure, a front-side interconnection structure, a backside dielectric layer, and a backside via. The source epitaxial structure and the drain epitaxial structure are respectively on opposite sides of the gate structure. The front-side interconnection structure is on a front-side of the source epitaxial structure and a front-side of the drain epitaxial structure. The backside dielectric layer is on a backside of the source epitaxial structure and a backside of the drain epitaxial structure and has an air gap therein. The backside via extends through the backside dielectric layer to a first one of the source epitaxial structure and the drain epitaxial structure.

Abstract: A method for backing up and restoring a disc management information is disclosed. Firstly, a specified optical disc is loaded into an optical disc drive. After a servo calibration process is performed, the latest update of the disc management information is read from a specified optical disc. If the latest update of the disc management information is read successfully, the optical disc drive enters a normal working state. If the latest update of the disc management information is not read successfully, the latest update of the disc management information is acquired through a processing circuit. Consequently, the optical disc drive enters the normal working state. While the normal working state of the optical disc drive is terminated, the latest update of the disc management information is transmitted to the processing circuit and recorded into the storage device.

Abstract: A method for backing up and restoring a disc management information is disclosed. Firstly, a specified optical disc is loaded into an optical disc drive. After a servo calibration process is performed, the latest update of the disc management information is read from a specified optical disc. If the latest update of the disc management information is read successfully, the optical disc drive enters a normal working state. If the latest update of the disc management information is not read successfully, the latest update of the disc management information is acquired through a processing circuit. Consequently, the optical disc drive enters the normal working state. While the normal working state of the optical disc drive is terminated, the latest update of the disc management information is transmitted to the processing circuit and recorded into the storage device.

Abstract: A control method of an optical disc drive system is provided. Firstly, a first write command is issued to burn a first write data including plural data files to an optical disc in an optical disc drive. If a write fail message from the optical disc drive is received after a specified data block of a specified data file is transmitted to the optical disc drive, the transmission of the first write data is stopped. Then, a data amount of the specified data file that has not been transmitted to the optical disc drive is calculated, and a dummy data with the data amount is generated. Then, the dummy data and the other data files that have not been transmitted are burnt to the optical disc.

Abstract: An optical disc drive includes a spindle motor, a first control module and a second control module. The spindle motor includes a turn table for supporting and rotating an optical disc. The first control module includes a first optical pickup head corresponding to a first data layer of the optical disc. The first control module is connected with a host through a first bus to execute a first control command. The second control module includes a second optical pickup head corresponding to a second data layer of the optical disc. The second control module is connected with the host through a second bus to execute a second control command. The first control module and the second control module communicate with each other according to a negotiation signal. Moreover, the spindle motor is operated at a target rotation speed under control of the first control module.

Abstract: A four piece golf ball includes several relationships among the values of the densities of its layers. Namely, the sum of the density of the inner core and the outer core is at least 2 g/cm3, the sum of the density of the inner cover layer and the outer cover layer is at least 2.2 g/cm3, and the difference between these two sums is at least 0.1 g/cm3. The inner core is made of a highly neutralized acid polymer, the outer core is made of a polybutadiene rubber, and the inner and outer cover layers are made of a non-ionomeric thermoplastic material, such as thermoplastic polyurethane. The layers may have certain relationships among their hardness values. Finally, the golf ball exhibits certain physical properties, such as a certain moment of inertia.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides to a kit for customizing and recycling golf balls, and related methods. The kit includes one or more sets of golf ball covers, may include one or more sets of golf ball cores, and may further include a golf ball cover removal device and a golf ball cover application device. A golfer may select a golf ball cover from a set based on a desired play characteristic. For example, the golfer may select a relatively hard cover from a set of golf ball covers having different hardness values. The golfer may then apply the selected golf ball cover to a golf ball core using the golf ball cover application device. The core may be selected from a set of cores in the kit, or the core may be obtained from a recycled golf ball using a golf ball cover removal device.

Abstract: A method of making a golf ball may include forming a spherical inner core layer, forming two hemispherical shells in a compression mold, and assembling the two hemispherical shells as an outer core layer around the inner core layer. In addition, the method may include curing the two hemispherical shells to form a unitary outer core layer by compression molding the shells around the inner core layer at a temperature that causes the inner core layer to melt.

Abstract: A four piece golf ball includes several relationships among the values of the densities of its layers. Namely, the sum of the density of the inner core and the outer core is at least 2 g/cm3, the sum of the density of the inner cover layer and the outer cover layer is at least 2.2 g/cm3, and the difference between these two sums is at least 0.1 g/cm3. The inner core is made of a highly neutralized acid polymer, the outer core is made of a polybutadiene rubber, and the inner and outer cover layers are made of a non-ionomeric thermoplastic material, such as thermoplastic polyurethane. The layers may have certain relationships among their hardness values. Finally, the golf ball exhibits certain physical properties, such as a certain moment of inertia.

Abstract: A four piece golf ball includes several relationships among the values of the densities of its layers. Namely, the sum of the density of the inner core and the outer core is at least 2 g/cm3, the sum of the density of the inner cover layer and the outer cover layer is at least 2.2 g/cm3, and the difference between these two sums is at least 0.1 g/cm3. The inner core is made of a highly neutralized acid polymer, the outer core is made of a polybutadiene rubber, and the inner and outer cover layers are made of a non-ionomeric thermoplastic material, such as thermoplastic polyurethane. The layers may have certain relationships among their hardness values. Finally, the golf ball exhibits certain physical properties, such as a certain moment of inertia.

Abstract: A method of making a golf ball may include forming a spherical inner core layer, forming two hemispherical shells in a compression mold, and assembling the two hemispherical shells as an outer core layer around the inner core layer. In addition, the method may include curing the two hemispherical shells to form a unitary outer core layer by compression molding the shells around the inner core layer at a temperature that causes the inner core layer to melt.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides to a kit for customizing and recycling golf balls, and related methods. The kit includes one or more sets of golf ball covers, may include one or more sets of golf ball cores, and may further include a golf ball cover removal device and a golf ball cover application device. A golfer may select a golf ball cover from a set based on a desired play characteristic. For example, the golfer may select a relatively hard cover from a set of golf ball covers having different hardness values. The golfer may then apply the selected golf ball cover to a golf ball core using the golf ball cover application device. The core may be selected from a set of cores in the kit, or the core may be obtained from a recycled golf ball using a golf ball cover removal device.