Abstract: A clock and data recovery circuit includes a phase detector, a charge pump, a loop filter, a voltage-controlled oscillator and a frequency divider. The voltage-controlled oscillator includes a current mirror, a control circuit, a current modulation module and a current-controlled oscillator. The current mirror has a current-controlling path and a current-outputting path. The current-controlling path and the current-outputting path are in a proportional relationship. The control circuit is used for adjusting the current flowing through the current-controlling path according to the control voltage. The current modulation module is used for generating a differential current according to the judging signal. The current-controlled oscillator is used for adjusting the phase of the second output clock signal according to the sum of the differential current and the current flowing through the current-outputting path.

Abstract: A clock and data recovery circuit includes a phase detector, a charge pump, a loop filter, a voltage-controlled oscillator and a frequency divider. The voltage-controlled oscillator includes a current mirror, a control circuit, a current modulation module and a current-controlled oscillator. The current mirror has a current-controlling path and a current-outputting path. The current-controlling path and the current-outputting path are in a proportional relationship. The control circuit is used for adjusting the current flowing through the current-controlling path according to the control voltage. The current modulation module is used for generating a differential current according to the judging signal. The current-controlled oscillator is used for adjusting the phase of the second output clock signal according to the sum of the differential current and the current flowing through the current-outputting path.

Abstract: A wide-locking range phase locked loop circuit includes a decision unit and a closed loop connection comprising a phase frequency detector, a charge pump, a loop filter, a voltage controlled oscillator, and a multi-modulus divider. The decision unit receives a phase difference signal outputted from phase frequency detector and the control voltage outputted from the loop filter and determines to select a specific divisor form the plurality of divisors provided by the multi-modulus divider if the phase difference signal indicates an unlocked state and the control voltage is not within a standard voltage operation range.

Abstract: A wide-locking range phase locked loop circuit includes a decision unit and a closed loop connection comprising a phase frequency detector, a charge pump, a loop filter, a voltage controlled oscillator, and a multi-modulus divider. The decision unit receives a phase difference signal outputted from phase frequency detector and the control voltage outputted from the loop filter and determines to select a specific divisor form the plurality of divisors provided by the multi-modulus divider if the phase difference signal indicates an unlocked state and the control voltage is not within a standard voltage operation range.

Abstract: A complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) device, employing circuit conversion to achieve coexistent multiple voltage levels without body effect. The CMOS device, formed by a typical twin-well process, has a high voltage CMOS, a low voltage CMOS and a circuit converter. The circuit converter raises the operation voltage of the low voltage PMOS in the low voltage CMOS (in the N-type substrate) up to that of the high voltage PMOS in the high voltage CMOS. Alternatively, the circuit converter reduces the operation voltage of the low voltage NMOS in the low voltage CMOS to that of the high voltage NMOS in the high voltage CMOS. Thus, the body effect does not occur to the CMOS device.