Abstract: The present invention provides a process for using nanosized copper, nanosized copper oxides, nanosized copper chlorides, other nanosized copper salts, and mixtures thereof, as sources of catalytic copper in the Direct Synthesis of trialkoxysilanes of the formula HSi(OR)3 wherein R is an alkyl group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms inclusive. The nanosized copper, nanosized copper oxides, nanosized copper chlorides, other nanosized copper salts, and their mixtures of this invention have average particle sizes that are in the range from about 0.1 to about 60 nanometers, preferably from about 0.1 to about 30 nanometers, and most preferably from about 0.1 to about 15 nanometers. Nanosized sources of catalytic copper afford high dispersion of catalytic sites on silicon and contribute to high reaction rates, high selectivity and high silicon conversion. The nanosized copper catalyst precursors of the invention permit the use of substantially reduced levels of copper compared to conventional practice.

Abstract: A method of making nanosized copper (I) compounds, in particular, copper (I) halides, pseudohalides, and cyanocuprate complexes, in reverse micelles or microemulsions is disclosed herein. The method of the invention comprises (a) dissolving a copper (II) compound in the polar phase of a first reverse micelle or microemulsion, (b) dissolving a copper (II) to copper (I) reducing agent or a pseudohalide salt in the polar phase of a second sample of the same reverse micelle or microemulsion, (c) mixing the two reverse micelle/microemulsions samples to form nanometer sized copper (I) compounds and (d) recovering said nanometer sized copper (I) compounds. The present invention is also directed to the resultant nanosized copper (I) compounds, such as copper (I) chloride, copper (I) cyanide, and potassium cyanocuprate complexes having an average particle size of about 0.1 to 600 nanometers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for using nanosized copper, nanosized copper oxides, nanosized copper chlorides, other nanosized copper salts, and mixtures thereof, as sources of catalytic copper in the Direct Synthesis of trialkoxysilanes of the formula HSi(OR)3 wherein R is an alkyl group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms inclusive. The nanosized copper, nanosized copper oxides, nanosized copper chlorides, other nanosized copper salts, and their mixtures of this invention have average particle sizes that are in the range from about 0.1 to about 60 nanometers, preferably from about 0.1 to about 30 nanometers, and most preferably from about 0.1 to about 15 nanometers. Nanosized sources of catalytic copper afford high dispersion of catalytic sites on silicon and contribute to high reaction rates, high selectivity and high silicon conversion. The nanosized copper catalyst precursors of the invention permit the use of substantially reduced levels of copper compared to conventional practice.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for using nanosized copper, nanosized copper oxides, nanosized copper chlorides, other nanosized copper salts, and mixtures thereof, as sources of catalytic copper in the Direct Synthesis of trialkoxysilanes of the formula HSi(OR)3 wherein R is an alkyl group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms inclusive. The nanosized copper, nanosized copper oxides, nanosized copper chlorides, other nanosized copper salts, and their mixtures of this invention have average particle sizes that are in the range from about 0.1 to about 60 nanometers, preferably from about 0.1 to about 30 nanometers, and most preferably from about 0.1 to about 15 nanometers. Nanosized sources of catalytic copper afford high dispersion of catalytic sites on silicon and contribute to high reaction rates, high selectivity and high silicon conversion. The nanosized copper catalyst precursors of the invention permit the use of substantially reduced levels of copper compared to conventional practice.

Abstract: A method of making nanosized copper (I) compounds, in particular, copper (I) halides, pseudohalides, and cyanocuprate complexes, in reverse micelles or microemulsions is disclosed herein. The method of the invention comprises (a) dissolving a copper (II) compound in the polar phase of a first reverse micelle or microemulsion, (b) dissolving a copper (II) to copper (I) reducing agent or a pseudohalide salt in the polar phase of a second sample of the same reverse micelle or microemulsion, (c) mixing the two reverse micelle/microemulsions samples to form nanometer sized copper (I) compounds and (d) recovering said nanometer sized copper (I) compounds. The present invention is also directed to the resultant nanosized copper (I) compounds, such as copper (I) chloride, copper (I) cyanide, and potassium cyanocuprate complexes having an average particle size of about 0.1 to 600 nanometers.

Abstract: A method of making nanosized copper (I) compounds, in particular, copper (I) halides, pseudohalides, and cyanocuprate complexes, in reverse micelles or microemulsions is disclosed herein. The method of the invention comprises (a) dissolving a copper (II) compound in the polar phase of a first reverse micelle or microemulsion, (b) dissolving a copper (II) to copper (I) reducing agent or a pseudohalide salt in the polar phase of a second sample of the same reverse micelle or microemulsion, (c) mixing the two reverse micelle/microemulsions samples to form nanometer sized copper (I) compounds and (d) recovering said nanometer sized copper (I) compounds. The present invention is also directed to the resultant nanosized copper (I) compounds, such as copper (I) chloride, copper (I) cyanide, and potassium cyanocuprate complexes having an average particle size of about 0.1 to 600 nanometers.

Abstract: The Direct Synthesis of trialkoxysilane is carried out by conducting the Direct Synthesis reaction of silicon and alcohol, optionally in solvent, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of Direct Synthesis catalyst and an effective catalyst-promoting amount of Direct Synthesis catalyst promoter, said promoter being an organic or inorganic compound possessing at least one phosphorus-oxygen bond.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for using nanosized copper, nanosized copper oxides, nanosized copper chlorides, other nanosized copper salts, and mixtures thereof, as sources of catalytic copper in the Direct Synthesis of trialkoxysilanes of the formula HSi(OR)3 wherein R is an alkyl group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms inclusive. The nanosized copper, nanosized copper oxides, nanosized copper chlorides, other nanosized copper salts, and their mixtures of this invention have average particle sizes that are in the range from about 0.1 to about 600 nanometers, preferably from about 0.1 to about 500 nanometers, and most preferably from about 0.1 to about 100 nanometers. Nanosized sources of catalytic copper afford high dispersion of catalytic sites on silicon and contribute to high reaction rates, high selectivity and high silicon conversion. The nanosized copper catalyst precursors of the invention permit the use of substantially reduced levels of copper compared to conventional practice.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for using nanosized copper, nanosized copper oxides, nanosized copper chlorides, other nanosized copper salts, and mixtures thereof, as sources of catalytic copper in the Direct Synthesis of trialkoxysilanes of the formula HSi(OR)3 wherein R is an alkyl group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms inclusive. The nanosized copper, nanosized copper oxides, nanosized copper chlorides, other nanosized copper salts, and their mixtures of this invention have average particle sizes that are in the range from about 0.1 to about 60 nanometers, preferably from about 0.1 to about 30 nanometers, and most preferably from about 0.1 to about 15 nanometers. Nanosized sources of catalytic copper afford high dispersion of catalytic sites on silicon and contribute to high reaction rates, high selectivity and high silicon conversion. The nanosized copper catalyst precursors of the invention permit the use of substantially reduced levels of copper compared to conventional practice.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for using nanosized copper, nanosized copper oxides, nanosized copper chlorides, other nanosized copper salts, and mixtures thereof, as sources of catalytic copper in the Direct Synthesis of trialkoxysilanes of the formula HSi(OR)3 wherein R is an alkyl group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms inclusive. The nanosized copper, nanosized copper oxides, nanosized copper chlorides, other nanosized copper salts, and their mixtures of this invention have average particle sizes that are in the range from about 0.1 to about 600 nanometers, preferably from about 0.1 to about 500 nanometers, and most preferably from about 0.1 to about 100 nanometers. Nanosized sources of catalytic copper afford high dispersion of catalytic sites on silicon and contribute to high reaction rates, high selectivity and high silicon conversion. The nanosized copper catalyst precursors of the invention permit the use of substantially reduced levels of copper compared to conventional practice.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for using nanosized copper, nanosized copper oxides, nanosized copper chlorides, other nanosized copper salts, and mixtures thereof, as sources of catalytic copper in the Direct Synthesis of trialkoxysilanes of the formula HSi(OR)3 wherein R is an alkyl group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms inclusive. The nanosized copper, nanosized copper oxides, nanosized copper chlorides, other nanosized copper salts, and their mixtures of this invention have average particle sizes that are in the range from about 0.1 to about 600 nanometers, preferably from about 0.1 to about 500 nanometers, and most preferably from about 0.1 to about 100 nanometers. Nanosized sources of catalytic copper afford high dispersion of catalytic sites on silicon and contribute to high reaction rates, high selectivity and high silicon conversion. The nanosized copper catalyst precursors of the invention permit the use of substantially reduced levels of copper compared to conventional practice.

Abstract: The Direct Synthesis of trialkoxysilane is carried out by conducting the Direct Synthesis reaction of silicon and alcohol, optionally in solvent, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of Direct Synthesis catalyst and an effective catalyst-promoting amount of Direct Synthesis catalyst promoter, said promoter being an organic or inorganic compound possessing at least one phosphorus-oxygen bond.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for producing nanosized metal compounds. The preferred product is nanosized copper, nanosized copper (I) oxide, and nanosized copper (II) oxide. The process includes heating a copper metal precursor in a hydrocarbon preferably selected from alkylated benzenes, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, paraffins and/or naphthenic hydrocarbons. The heating is desirably at a temperature and time effective to convert, for example, the copper metal precursor to nanosized copper (II) oxide, nanosized copper (I) oxide and/or nanosized copper metal. Separation of the hydrocarbon is then performed. Recovering the solid product and recycle/reuse of the recovered hydrocarbon in subsequent preparations of nanosized metal and metal oxides may be performed. The nanosized metal oxides of the invention may additionally be converted to nanosized metal salts by reaction with the appropriate acids while dispersed in the hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A method of making nanosized copper (I) compounds, in particular, copper (I) halides, pseudohalides, and cyanocuprate complexes, in reverse micelles or microemulsions is disclosed herein. The method of the invention comprises (a) dissolving a copper (II) compound in the polar phase of a first reverse micelle or microemulsion, (b) dissolving a copper (II) to copper (I) reducing agent or a pseudohalide salt in the polar phase of a second sample of the same reverse micelle or microemulsion, (c) mixing the two reverse micelle/microemulsions samples to form nanometer sized copper (I) compounds and (d) recovering said nanometer sized copper (I) compounds. The present invention is also directed to the resultant nanosized copper (I) compounds, such as copper (I) chloride, copper (I) cyanide, and potassium cyanocuprate complexes having an average particle size of about 0.1 to 600 nanometers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for using nanosized copper, nanosized copper oxides, nanosized copper chlorides, other nanosized copper salts, and mixtures thereof, as sources of catalytic copper in the Direct Synthesis of trialkoxysilanes of the formula HSi(OR)3 wherein R is an alkyl group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms inclusive. The nanosized copper, nanosized copper oxides, nanosized copper chlorides, other nanosized copper salts, and their mixtures of this invention have average particle sizes that are in the range from about 0.1 to about 600 nanometers, preferably from about 0.1 to about 500 nanometers, and most preferably from about 0.1 to about 100 nanometers. Nanosized sources of catalytic copper afford high dispersion of catalytic sites on silicon and contribute to high reaction rates, high selectivity and high silicon conversion. The nanosized copper catalyst precursors of the invention permit the use of substantially reduced levels of copper compared to conventional practice.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for producing nanosized metal compounds. The preferred product is nanosized copper, nanosized copper (I) oxide, and nanosized copper (II) oxide. The process includes heating a copper metal precursor in a hydrocarbon preferably selected from alkylated benzenes, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, paraffins and/or naphthenic hydrocarbons. The heating is desirably at a temperature and time effective to convert, for example, the copper metal precursor to nanosized copper (II) oxide, nanosized copper (I) oxide and/or nanosized copper metal. Separation of the hydrocarbon is then performed. Recovering the solid product and recycle/reuse of the recovered hydrocarbon in subsequent preparations of nanosized metal and metal oxides may be performed. The nanosized metal oxides of the invention may additionally be converted to nanosized metal salts by reaction with the appropriate acids while dispersed in the hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Selective hydrodesulfurization of cracked naphtha, with minimum attendant hydrogenation of olefins, is effected over a novel catalyst composition comprising a sulfided, "manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve" supported catalyst bearing (i) at least one non-noble Group VIII metal, (ii) at least one Group VI-B metal, optionally (iii) at least one metal of Group I-A, II-A, III-B, or the lanthanide series of rare earths, and optionally (iv) at least one metal of Group I-B. The catalyst of the present invention is highly selective in minimizing the olefin saturation and the resulting octane loss in the cracked naphtha hydrodesulfurization process.

Abstract: Manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieves are provided in which a portion of the framework manganese is substituted by at least one other metal, e.g., a transition metal.

Abstract: A method of oxidatively coupling methane onto a manganese oxide molecular sieve comprising:(a) passing methane through a microwave plasma activation flow reaction zone onto a manganese oxide molecular sieve, whereby polymer-free methane coupled products are produced; and,(b) recovering the polymer-free methane coupled products.

Abstract: A process of synthesizing synthetic manganese oxide hydrates having various structures including hollandite and todorokite structure by hydrothermal synthesis. The products have a high degree of crystallinity, and thermal stability.