Abstract: A communication receiver includes a first signal processing circuit and a second signal processing circuit. The first signal processing circuit includes a first feedforward equalizer and a decision circuit. The first feedforward equalizer processes a received signal to generate a first equalized signal. The decision circuit performs hard decision upon the first equalized signal to generate a first symbol decision signal. The second signal processing circuit includes a second feedforward equalizer, a decision feedforward equalizer, and a first decision feedback equalizer. The second feedforward equalizer processes the first equalized signal to generate a second equalized signal. The decision feedforward equalizer processes the first symbol decision signal to generate a third equalized signal. The first decision feedback equalizer generates a second symbol decision signal according to the second equalized signal and the third equalized signal.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a vessel tracking and monitoring system and operating method thereof. Specifically, the vessel tracking and monitoring system comprises at least one camera, a processing module and a storage module. On the other hand, the processing module may keep the water object which is detected and recognized by the at least one camera in the center area of a monitoring screen. Therefore, the present invention may track and recognize the type of the at least one water object, assisting areas such as ports in managing and tracking water object arrivals and departures under various environmental conditions.

Abstract: A method includes forming a dummy pattern over test region of a substrate; forming an interlayer dielectric (ILD) layer laterally surrounding the dummy pattern; removing the dummy pattern to form an opening; forming a dielectric layer in the opening; performing a first testing process on the dielectric layer; performing an annealing process to the dielectric layer; and performing a second testing process on the annealed dielectric layer.

Abstract: A circuit module includes a power amplifier, a switch, and a bypass capacitor. The power amplifier has a signal input node coupled to an input signal, a signal output node to generate an output signal, and a power input node coupled to a supply output signal of a supply modulator. The switch is coupled between the power input node of the power amplifier and the bypass capacitor. The bypass capacitor is an equivalently removable bypass capacitor coupled between the switch and a ground level.

Abstract: A circuit module includes a power amplifier, a switch, and a bypass capacitor. The power amplifier has a signal input node coupled to an input signal, a signal output node to generate an output signal, and a power input node coupled to a supply output signal of a supply modulator. The switch is coupled between the power input node of the power amplifier and the bypass capacitor. The bypass capacitor is an equivalently removable bypass capacitor coupled between the switch and a ground level.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided to calibrate a closed-loop envelop tracking system for a power amplifier of a wireless transmitter using standardized modulation signals. In one novel aspect, a closed-loop adaptive method is used to track changes in PA nonlinearity due to environmental or circuitry changes during operating condition using standardized modulation signals. In one embodiment, the PA supply voltage compensation lookup table (LUT) and/or the phase compensation LUT is updated during normal operation to sustain good linearity and efficiency performance. In another novel aspect, the PA target response is adjusted in response to changes in PA-related system configuration, such as changes in PA bias settings, and/or indicators measured from the transmitter such as changes in impedance or temperature changes for the RF module or the PA module. The PA supply voltage compensation LUT and/or the phase LUT is updated accordingly upon adjustment of the PA target response.

Abstract: Provided is a power supply circuit for a wireless mobile device having a plurality of power amplification components. The power supply circuit includes: a first DC-DC converter, for providing at least one constant output voltage (which is provided to the power amplification components) and/or at least one DC intermediate voltage; a second DC-DC converter, for providing a DC component of at least one time-varying output voltage; and at least one linear amplifier. When the at least one linear amplifier receives the at least one DC intermediate voltage from the first DC-DC converter, the at least one linear amplifier provides at least one AC component of the at least one time-varying output voltage. The DC component and the at least one AC component of the at least one time-varying output voltage are combined into the at least one time-varying output voltage and provided to the power amplification components.

Abstract: Provided is a power supply circuit for a wireless mobile device having a plurality of power amplification components. The power supply circuit includes: a first DC-DC converter, for providing at least one constant output voltage (which is provided to the power amplification components) and/or at least one DC intermediate voltage; a second DC-DC converter, for providing a DC component of at least one time-varying output voltage; and at least one linear amplifier. When the at least one linear amplifier receives the at least one DC intermediate voltage from the first DC-DC converter, the at least one linear amplifier provides at least one AC component of the at least one time-varying output voltage. The DC component and the at least one AC component of the at least one time-varying output voltage are combined into the at least one time-varying output voltage and provided to the power amplification components.

Abstract: A communication unit comprises a decimator configured to sample a variable control signal and output a reduced bandwidth variable control signal; and a multi-level power supply, MLPS, comprising an input and an output, wherein the input is coupled to the decimator and configured to receive the reduced bandwidth variable control signal and, in response thereto, the output delivers multi-level output voltages to supply a power amplifier, PA, module.

Abstract: Techniques and examples pertaining to variation calibration for envelope tracking on chip are described. Envelope tracking (ET) statistics among multiple wireless-capable mobile devices (e.g., smartphones) may be collected in laboratory. Optimal ET parameters may be determined based on ET statistics. An ET setting file may be generated for ET factory calibration. In production lines, the ET setting file may be loaded into each mobile device for ET factory calibration.

Abstract: A communication unit comprises a decimator configured to sample a variable control signal and output a reduced bandwidth variable control signal; and a multi-level power supply, MLPS, comprising an input and an output, wherein the input is coupled to the decimator and configured to receive the reduced bandwidth variable control signal and, in response thereto, the output delivers multi-level output voltages to supply a power amplifier, PA, module.

Abstract: Techniques and examples pertaining to variation calibration for envelope tracking on chip are described. Envelope tracking (ET) statistics among multiple wireless-capable mobile devices (e.g., smartphones) may be collected in laboratory. Optimal ET parameters may be determined based on ET statistics. An ET setting file may be generated for ET factory calibration. In production lines, the ET setting file may be loaded into each mobile device for ET factory calibration.

Abstract: A communication unit comprises a radio frequency, RF, transmitter comprising: a power amplifier, PA, module; an envelope tracking system operably coupled to the PA module and arranged to variably control a supply voltage for the PA module; and a load control system operably coupled to an output of the PA module and arranged to control a power amplifier output load.

Abstract: A calibration method is applied to a wireless communication device having a programmable tuner and a signal processing path. The calibration method includes at least the following steps: configuring the programmable tuner to have a plurality of different tuner states, wherein the signal processing path has a first end and a second end, and the programmable tuner is coupled to the second end; when the programmable tuner is configured to have one of the different tuner states, obtaining a measured reflection coefficient at the first end of the signal processing path; and calibrating mapping relationship between a reflection coefficient at the first end of the signal processing path and a reflection coefficient at the second end of the signal processing path according to the different tuner states and measured reflection coefficients associated with the different tuner states.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided to calibrate a closed-loop envelop tracking system for a power amplifier of a wireless transmitter using standardized modulation signals. In one novel aspect, a closed-loop adaptive method is used to track changes in PA nonlinearity due to environmental or circuitry changes during operating condition using standardized modulation signals. In one embodiment, the PA supply voltage compensation lookup table (LUT) and/or the phase compensation LUT is updated during normal operation to sustain good linearity and efficiency performance. In another novel aspect, the PA target response is adjusted in response to changes in PA-related system configuration, such as changes in PA bias settings, and/or indicators measured from the transmitter such as changes in impedance or temperature changes for the RF module or the PA module. The PA supply voltage compensation LUT and/or the phase LUT is updated accordingly upon adjustment of the PA target response.

Abstract: A communication unit comprises a radio frequency, RF, transmitter comprising: a power amplifier, PA, module; an envelope tracking system operably coupled to the PA module and arranged to variably control a supply voltage for the PA module; and a load control system operably coupled to an output of the PA module and arranged to control a power amplifier output load.

Abstract: A communication unit comprises a radio frequency, RF, transmitter comprising: a power amplifier, PA, module; an envelope tracking system operably coupled to the PA module and arranged to variably control a supply voltage for the PA module; and a load control system operably coupled to an output of the PA module and arranged to control a power amplifier output load.

Abstract: A timing recovery apparatus for compensating a sampling frequency offset of an input signal is provided. The timing recovery apparatus includes a timing error corrector configured to generate an output signal according to the input signal and a calibration signal, a gain controller configured to adjust at least one of a signal edge low-frequency error component and a signal edge high-frequency error component of the output signal and accordingly generate an adjusted signal, a timing error detector configured to generate an error signal according to the adjusted signal, and a calibration signal generator coupled to the timing error detector and the timing error corrector, for generating the calibration signal according to the error signal and outputting the calibration signal to the timing error corrector to compensate the sampling frequency offset of the input signal.

Abstract: A timing recovery apparatus for compensating a sampling frequency offset of an input signal is provided. The timing recovery apparatus includes a timing error corrector configured to generate an output signal according to the input signal and a calibration signal, a gain controller configured to adjust at least one of a signal edge low-frequency error component and a signal edge high-frequency error component of the output signal and accordingly generate an adjusted signal, a timing error detector configured to generate an error signal according to the adjusted signal, and a calibration signal generator coupled to the timing error detector and the timing error corrector, for generating the calibration signal according to the error signal and outputting the calibration signal to the timing error corrector to compensate the sampling frequency offset of the input signal.

Abstract: A communication device including a receiving unit and a decision-making unit is provided. The receiving unit receives a first burst in a paging message provided from a base station. After comparing a signal-to-noise ratio to a threshold, the decision-making unit decides, based on the comparison result, the judging mechanism for judging whether the paging message is a dummy paging message. The signal-to-noise ratio is associated with the channel via which the first burst passed.