Abstract: Devices and methods for generating electricity in a direct carbon fuel cell are provided herein. The method includes heating and melting an alloy to obtain a liquid alloy anode; circulating the liquid alloy anode through a porous ceramic cathode, the cathode being a tubular structure and in communication with oxygen; reducing the oxygen at the porous cathode to obtain oxygen ions for diffusing through an electrolyte to the liquid alloy anode; and oxidizing the oxygen ions at the liquid alloy anode thereby generating electricity. The direct carbon fuel cells have high electronic conductivity, high carbon solubility with fast carbon diffusion, lower viscosity and eutectic temperatures, and rapid fuel dissolution kinetics.

Abstract: Devices and methods for generating electricity in a direct carbon fuel cell are provided herein. The method includes heating and melting an alloy to obtain a liquid alloy anode; circulating the liquid alloy anode through a porous ceramic cathode, the cathode being a tubular structure and in communication with oxygen; reducing the oxygen at the porous cathode to obtain oxygen ions for diffusing through an electrolyte to the liquid alloy anode; and oxidizing the oxygen ions at the liquid alloy anode thereby generating electricity. The direct carbon fuel cells have high electronic conductivity, high carbon solubility with fast carbon diffusion, lower viscosity and eutectic temperatures, and rapid fuel dissolution kinetics.

Abstract: A dental coupling member which can easily adjust the position of the lower jaw of the user without increasing the size of the coupling member is provided. The dental coupling member is attached to upper and lower oral appliances to couple them, and regulates displacement of the lower oral appliance to rear side. The dental coupling member has; an outer which is a cylindrical member having a through hole, to be attached to one oral appliance; an inner having a rod-shaped insertion portion to be inserted into an interior of the cylindrical portion and slidably held by the outer, the inner to be attached to the other oral appliance; and a stopper adjustably positioned inside the cylindrical portion, the stopper serve to limit a slide width of the insertion portion inside the cylindrical portion by adjustment of its position along the axial direction of the cylindrical portion.

Abstract: Upon receipt of a packet addressed to a virtual IP address assigned to each first device from a second device outside a base network, a processor identifies a base relay apparatus that accommodates the first device, to which the virtual IP address is assigned, on the basis of the virtual address and a protocol type of the received packet, and also identifies a reception port number of the identified base relay apparatus, which corresponds to a combination of the virtual IP address and the protocol type of the received packet, from among reception port numbers each assigned to a combination of the first device accommodated to identify a transfer destination, and a protocol type. Then, the processor relays the received packet to the identified reception port number of the identified base relay apparatus.

Abstract: Upon receipt of a packet addressed to a virtual IP address assigned to each first device from a second device outside a base network, a processor identifies a base relay apparatus that accommodates the first device, to which the virtual IP address is assigned, on the basis of the virtual address and a protocol type of the received packet, and also identifies a reception port number of the identified base relay apparatus, which corresponds to a combination of the virtual IP address and the protocol type of the received packet, from among reception port numbers each assigned to a combination of the first device accommodated to identify a transfer destination, and a protocol type. Then, the processor relays the received packet to the identified reception port number of the identified base relay apparatus.