Abstract: A system is configured to drive a display device having a number of cholesteric liquid crystal (CHLC) pixels. The system comprises a processor configured to receive a first set of gray levels for a first image frame and a second set of gray levels for a second image frame, wherein the first set of gray levels is related to a first intensity state of each of the CHLC pixels in the first image frame and the second set of gray levels is related to a second intensity state of each of the CHLC pixels in the second image frame, and a look-up table (LUT) configured to output a third set of gray levels based on the first set of gray levels and the second set of gray levels, wherein the third set of gray levels is related to an addressing voltage to be written to each of the CHLC pixels so as to change each of the CHLC pixels from the first intensity state to the second intensity state.

Abstract: A voltage booster and a memory structure using the same are provided. When a data storage unit in the memory structure is in normal operation, all voltage pumps in the voltage booster are turned on for boosting a supply voltage. However, when the data storage unit is in standby state, in the voltage booster, some voltage pumps are turned on while other voltage pumps are turned off, for boosting the supply voltage. Accordingly, the standby current and power consumption are reduced and the pump efficiency is improved.

Abstract: A display including a scan driver, a data driver, a first pixel, and a second pixel is disclosed. The scan driver provides a first scan signal and a second scan signal. The data driver provides a data signal. The first pixel receives the first scan signal and displays a first color. The second pixel receives the second scan signal and displays a second color. The frequency of the first scan signal and the frequency of the second scan signal relate to the first color and the second color.

Abstract: Systems, methodologies, media, and other embodiments associated with validating a bus are described. One exemplary system embodiment includes an integrated circuit operably connectable to a bus, the bus being connectable to an external device configured to drive one or more electrical signals onto the bus. The integrated circuit may comprise a first logic configured to receive a test sequence of electrical signals from the bus, a second logic configured to produce a check sequence of electrical signals related to the test sequence of electrical signals, and a compare logic operably connected to the first logic and the second logic. The compare logic may be configured to determine whether the bus is correctly transmitting data based, at least in part, on comparing the test sequence and the check sequence.

Abstract: A wordline driver for DRAM comprises a multiplexer, an inverter and a transistor switch. One end of the multiplexer is connected to a wordline charging voltage, and the other end is connected to an external voltage, wherein the external voltage is less than the wordline charging voltage, and initially the external voltage is outputted. The output end of the inverter is connected to the select line of the multiplexer, and the input end thereof is electrically connected to the output end of the multiplexer. One end of the transistor switch is connected to the input end of the inverter, and the other end thereof is connected to the word line.

Abstract: A driver includes a plurality of first PMOS transistors, a first resistor, a amplifier, a second PMOS transistor and a second resistor. The amplifier herein receives a reference voltage and outputs a regulating voltage. The above-mentioned reference voltage is produced in accordance with a band-gap reference voltage. Since the band-gap reference voltage is unlikely affected by a process variation, thus, the present invention is capable of providing an output current robust from process characteristic and the output current is more reliable to indicate a data signal.

Abstract: A method for making an optical device includes the steps of: rubbing an orienting film so as to stretch the molecular structure thereof and so as to permit the molecular units of the molecular structure to be aligned along a first axis and to permit the orienting space between each adjacent pair of the molecular units of the molecular structure to be oriented in a direction parallel to a second axis; and forming an optical anisotropical layer on the orienting film by applying a liquid crystal film of rod-like molecules on the orienting film which orients the rod-like molecules by virtue of spatial effect of the molecular units and the orienting spaces.

Abstract: A method for making an optical device includes the steps of: rubbing an orienting film so as to stretch the molecular structure thereof and so as to permit the molecular units of the molecular structure to be aligned along a first axis and to permit the orienting space between each adjacent pair of the molecular units of the molecular structure to be oriented in a direction parallel to a second axis; and forming an optical anisotropical layer on the orienting film by applying a liquid crystal film of rod-like molecules on the orienting film which orients the rod-like molecules by virtue of spatial effect of the molecular units and the orienting spaces.

Abstract: This invention provides a driving circuit for simultaneously driving three-color bistable liquid crystals, which employs a voltage-shift circuit to provide different-color bistable liquid crystals with respective level-shift voltages. A grey-scale voltage is respectively added to the respective level-shift voltages. By this invention, the whole grey-scale voltages are capable of falling in the voltage ranges for displaying grey scales for the different-color bistable liquid crystals. The grey-scale display can be optimized.

Abstract: An active heat-dissipating type of power supply apparatus includes a casing, a first airflow channel, a second airflow channel, plural electronic components, an airflow driving device and a power input device. The casing includes at least one first airflow opening. The first airflow opening is communicated with the second airflow channel. The electronic components are disposed in the first airflow channel. The airflow driving device includes an airflow gate. The power input device is disposed on the first side of the casing and in the second airflow channel. A cooling air is pumped by the airflow driving device to be introduced into the second airflow channel through one of the first airflow opening and the airflow gate, so that the heat generated from the power input device is exhausted through the other one of the first airflow opening and the airflow gate.

Abstract: A driver includes a plurality of first PMOS transistors, a first resistor, a amplifier, a second PMOS transistor and a second resistor. The amplifier herein receives a reference voltage and outputs a regulating voltage. The above-mentioned reference voltage is produced in accordance with a band-gap reference voltage. Since the band-gap reference voltage is unlikely affected by a process variation, thus, the present invention is capable of providing an output current robust from process characteristic and the output current is more reliable to indicate a data signal.

Abstract: A voltage booster and a memory structure using the same are provided. When a data storage unit in the memory structure is in normal operation, all voltage pumps in the voltage booster are turned on for boosting a supply voltage. However, when the data storage unit is in standby state, in the voltage booster, some voltage pumps are turned on while other voltage pumps are turned off, for boosting the supply voltage. Accordingly, the standby current and power consumption are reduced and the pump efficiency is improved.

Abstract: A fan is disclosed for use in a system, and the system has at least one connection structure. The fan is mainly composed of an impeller and a base, and the impeller is connected to the base. The impeller at least has a hub, a plurality of blades and a driver. The base has at least one engaging member, and the engaging member is corresponding to the connection structure. Further, the fan is fixed on the system by connecting the engaging member and the connection structure together.

Abstract: This invention provides a color passive matrix bistable liquid crystal display system, in which one respective scan line corresponds to sub-pixels of same color and neighboring scan lines correspond to sub-pixels of different colors. The scan lines are grouped in accordance with the colors of the sub-pixels corresponding thereto such that different scan driving voltages can be provided to the sub-pixels of different colors when the scan lines are scanned. By way of the arrangement of the sub-pixels, different scan driving voltages are switched to the respective scan lines in accordance with the colors of the sub-pixels corresponding thereto. As a result, a demand that the sub-pixels of different colors require different scan driving voltages is satisfied. The image quality is improved.

Abstract: An active heat-dissipating type of power supply apparatus includes a casing, a first airflow channel, a second airflow channel, plural electronic components, an airflow driving device and a power input device. The casing includes at least one first airflow opening. The first airflow opening is communicated with the second airflow channel. The electronic components are disposed in the first airflow channel. The airflow driving device includes an airflow gate. The power input device is disposed on the first side of the casing and in the second airflow channel. A cooling air is pumped by the airflow driving device to be introduced into the second airflow channel through one of the first airflow opening and the airflow gate, so that the heat generated from the power input device is exhausted through the other one of the first airflow opening and the airflow gate.

Abstract: An optical compensator includes a C-plate adapted to be coupled to a liquid crystal cell and made from a polymer. The C-plate has a layer thickness ranging from 5 to 60 ?m. The polymer is polyvinyl alcohol, has a polymerization degree greater than 2000 and less than 5000, and is cross-linked so that the C-plate has an optical axis substantially parallel to the direction of normally incident light, and so that the C-plate has a plate retardation, along the layer thickness of the C-plate, greater than 60 nm.

Abstract: Systems, methodologies, media, and other embodiments associated with validating a bus are described. One exemplary system embodiment includes an integrated circuit operably connectable to a bus, the bus being connectable to an external device configured to drive one or more electrical signals onto the bus. The integrated circuit may comprise a first logic configured to receive a test sequence of electrical signals from the bus, a second logic configured to produce a check sequence of electrical signals related to the test sequence of electrical signals, and a compare logic operably connected to the first logic and the second logic. The compare logic may be configured to determine whether the bus is correctly transmitting data based, at least in part, on comparing the test sequence and the check sequence.

Abstract: A method for making an optical device includes the steps of: rubbing an orienting film so as to stretch the molecular structure thereof and so as to permit the molecular units of the molecular structure to be aligned along a first axis and to permit the orienting space between each adjacent pair of the molecular units of the molecular structure to be oriented in a direction parallel to a second axis; and forming an optical anisotropical layer on the orienting film by applying a liquid crystal film of rod-like molecules on the orienting film which orients the rod-like molecules by virtue of spatial effect of the molecular units and the orienting spaces.

Abstract: An optical compensator includes a C-plate adapted to be coupled to a liquid crystal cell and made from a polymer. The C-plate has a layer thickness ranging from 5 to 60 ?m. The polymer is polyvinyl alcohol, has a polymerization degree greater than 2000 and less than 5000, and is cross-linked so that the C-plate has an optical axis substantially parallel to the direction of normally incident light, and so that the C-plate has a plate retardation, along the layer thickness of the C-plate, greater than 60 nm.

Abstract: A demountable strapping module for a handheld electronic device. A latch element engages a strapping element, and a strap winds around the engaged strapping element. The strapping element with the strap and the latch element are inserted into the handheld electronic device. Thus, it is convenient for a strap to attach to a handheld electronic device.