Abstract: A reticle enclosure includes a base including a first surface, a cover including a second surface and coupled to the base with the first surface facing the second surface. The base and the cover form an internal space that includes a reticle. The reticle enclosure includes restraining mechanisms arranged in the internal space and for securing the reticle, and structures disposed adjacent the reticle in the internal space. The structures enclose the reticle at least partially, and limit passage of contaminants between the internal space and an external environment of the reticle enclosure. The structures include barriers disposed on the first and second surfaces. In other examples, a padding is installed in gaps between the barriers and the first and second surfaces. In other examples, the structures include wall structures disposed on the first and second surfaces and between the restraining mechanisms.

Abstract: A reticle enclosure includes a base including a first surface, a cover including a second surface and coupled to the base with the first surface facing the second surface. The base and the cover form an internal space that includes a reticle. The reticle enclosure includes restraining mechanisms arranged in the internal space and for securing the reticle, and structures disposed adjacent the reticle in the internal space. The structures enclose the reticle at least partially, and limit passage of contaminants between the internal space and an external environment of the reticle enclosure. The structures include barriers disposed on the first and second surfaces. In other examples, a padding is installed in gaps between the barriers and the first and second surfaces. In other examples, the structures include wall structures disposed on the first and second surfaces and between the restraining mechanisms.

Abstract: A method includes forming a dummy pattern over test region of a substrate; forming an interlayer dielectric (ILD) layer laterally surrounding the dummy pattern; removing the dummy pattern to form an opening; forming a dielectric layer in the opening; performing a first testing process on the dielectric layer; performing an annealing process to the dielectric layer; and performing a second testing process on the annealed dielectric layer.

Abstract: This invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine, Mu Dan Pi (Moutan radicis cort), that has the potential to be used for the prevention or treatment of cachexia and muscle loss in cancer patients. The composition is a novel therapeutic agent for cachexia.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel class of propiolylamide-based irreversible inhibitors of PKM2 compounds of the general formula I, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of inducing an anti-tumor effect in a subject suffering from tumor comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of compound of formula I.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel class of propiolylamide-based irreversible inhibitors of PKM2 compounds of the general formula I, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of inducing an anti-tumor effect in a subject suffering from tumor comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of compound of formula I.

Abstract: 2-aryl-4-quinolones are converted into phosphates by reacting with tetrabenzyl pyrophosphate to form dibenzyl phosphates thereof, which are then subject to hydrogenation to replace dibenzyl groups with H, followed by reacting with Amberlite IR-120(Na+ form) to form disodium salts. The results of preliminary screening revealed that these phosphates showed significant anti-cancer activity. A novel intermediate, 2-selenophene 4-quinolone and N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl derivatives of 2-phenyl-4-quinolones are also synthesized. These novel intermediates exhibited significant anticancer activities.

Abstract: 2-aryl-4-quinolones are converted into phosphates by reacting with tetrabenzyl pyrophosphate to form dibenzyl phosphates thereof, which are then subject to hydrogenation to replace dibenzyl groups with H, followed by reacting with Amberlite IR-120(Na+ form) to form disodium salts. The results of preliminary screening revealed that these phosphates showed significant anti-cancer activity. A novel intermediate, 2-selenophene 4-quinolone and N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl derivatives of 2-phenyl-4-quinolones are also synthesized. These novel intermediates exhibited significant anticancer activities.

Abstract: 2-aryl-4-quinolones are converted into phosphates by reacting with tetrabenzyl pyrophosphate to form dibenzyl phosphates thereof, which are then subject to hydrogenation to replace dibenzyl groups with H, followed by reacting with Amberlite IR-120 (Na+ form) to form disodium salts. The results of preliminary screening revealed that these phosphates showed significant anti-cancer activity. A novel intermediate, 2-selenophene 4-quinolone and N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl derivatives of 2-phenyl-4-quinolones are also synthesized. These novel intermediates exhibited significant anticancer activities.

Abstract: 2-aryl-4-quinolones are converted into phosphates by reacting with tetrabenzyl pyrophosphate to form dibenzyl phosphates thereof, which are then subject to hydrogenation to replace dibenzyl groups with H, followed by reacting with Amberlite IR-120(Na+ form) to form disodium salts. The results of preliminary screening revealed that these phosphates showed significant anti-cancer activity. A novel intermediate, 2-selenophene 4-quinolone and N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl derivatives of 2-phenyl-4-quinolones are also synthesized. These novel intermediates exhibited significant anticancer activities.

Abstract: 2-aryl-4-quinolones are converted into phosphates by reacting with tetrabenzyl pyrophosphate to form dibenzyl phosphates thereof, which are then subject to hydrogenation to replace dibenzyl groups with H, followed by reacting with Amberlite IR-120(Na+ form) to form disodium salts. The results of preliminary screening revealed that these phosphates showed significant anti-cancer activity. A novel intermediate, 2-selenophene 4-quinolone and N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl derivatives of 2-phenyl-4-quinolones are also synthesized. These novel intermediates exhibited significant anticancer activities.

Abstract: 2-aryl-4-quinolones are converted into phosphates by reacting with tetrabenzyl pyrophosphate to form dibenzyl phosphates thereof, which are then subject to hydrogenation to replace dibenzyl groups with H, followed by reacting with Amberlite IR-120 (Na+ form) to form disodium salts. The results of preliminary screening revealed that these phosphates showed significant anti-cancer activity. A novel intermediate, 2-selenophene 4-quinolone and N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl derivatives of 2-phenyl-4-quinolones are also synthesized. These novel intermediates exhibited significant anticancer activities.

Abstract: Benzimidazole compounds of formula (I): wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, X, Y, Z1, and Z2 are defined herein. Also disclosed is a method for treating cancer with benzimidazole compounds.

Abstract: 2-aryl-4-quinolones are converted into phosphates by reacting with tetrabenzyl pyrophosphate to form dibenzyl phosphates thereof, which are then subject to hydrogenation to replace dibenzyl groups with H, followed by reacting with Amberlite IR-120 (Na+ form) to form disodium salts. The results of preliminary screening revealed that these phosphates showed significant anti-cancer activity. A novel intermediate, 2-selenophene 4-quinolone and ?/, ?/-dialkylaminoalkyl derivatives of 2-phenyl-4-quinolones are also synthesized. These novel intermediates exhibited significant anticancer activities.

Abstract: Benzimidazole compounds of formula (I): wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, X, Y, Z1, and Z2 are defined herein. Also disclosed is a method for treating cancer with benzimidazole compounds.

Abstract: 2-aryl-4-quinolones are converted into phosphates by reacting with tetrabenzyl pyrophosphate to form dibenzyl phosphates thereof, which are then subject to hydrogenation to replace dibenzyl groups with H, followed by reacting with Amberlite IR-120 (Na+ form) to form disodium salts. The results of preliminary screening revealed that these phosphates showed significant anti-cancer activity. A novel intermediate, 2-selenophene 4-quinolone and ?/, ?/-dialkylaminoalkyl derivatives of 2-phenyl-4-quinolones are also synthesized. These novel intermediates exhibited significant anticancer activities.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds of the following formula: in which R1, R2, A1, A2, X, Y, m, n, p, x and y are as defined herein, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and use of the compounds in treating enterovirus infection.

Abstract: Compounds of the following formula: in which R1, R2, A1, A2, X, Y, m, n, p, x and y are as defined herein. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions each containing one or more of these compounds, and use thereof in treating enteroviral infection.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds of the following formula: in which R1, R2, A1, A2, X, Y, m, n, p, x and y are as defined herein, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and use of the compounds in treating enterovirus infection.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds of the following formula: in which R1, R2, A1, A2, X, Y, m, n, p, x and y are as defined herein, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and use of the compounds in treating enterovirus infection.